Kõige kiiremini humifitseeruvad tselluloosi-, ligniini- ja valgurikkad jäänused kuivas ja parasniiskes, alustest küllastunud või karbonaatses keskkonnas. Udoll-Aquoll landscape central Iowa These soils are on glacial till plains in central Iowa. Poorly drained Aquolls occupy lower-lying landscape positions and Udolls occupy the uplands. In Kasutatud materjalid · http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/events/Sum merSchool_2004/files%5CEnd_solz.pdf · fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Pachic Argicryoll · A Calcium carbonate in the subsoil is derived from 0-43the lime-rich parent material. These minerals dissolve in the upper profile where the moisture content is greater, leach downward, and precipitate in the lower profile where there is less soil moisture. Clay translocation in the upper profile often begins following the downward movement of carbonates in the soil
l, l/r,kr,v,p l/sl,ls l/s sl sl/l sl/r,kr,v,p sl/ls,s ls ls/r,kr,v,p ls/l,sl ls/s s,s/l,ls,r,kr,v,p t/l,sl,ls,s t l - liiv - sand sl - saviliiv - loamy sand ls - liivsavi - loam s - savi - clay t - turvas - peat r - rähk - rubble v - veeris - pebble kr - kruus - gravel p - paas - limestone Joonis 3. Muldade jagunemine lõimise alusel. Figure 3. Distribution of soils depending on texture. Liivsavilõimisega muldi on haritaval maal 24,1 %, liivsavisid koreserikkal materjalil 12,1 %, liivsavisid liivadel ja saviliivadel 2,0 % ja liivsavisid savidel 2,5 %
Stands are of high productivity ( quality classes I...II) whereby the average height and growing stock of the birch forests are greater than these of the pine and spruce forests. Puistud on kõrge tootlikkusega (boniteediklassid on I...II), kusjuures keskmine kõrgus ja juurdekasv kasemetsades on suurem kui männi- ja kuusemetsades. MESO EUTHROPHIC (SPRUCE) FORESTS -LAANEMETSAD The fertile soils of the meso-euthrophic (spruce) forests have been formed predominantly on loamy moraines which are sometimes covered with fine sand. Viljakad mullad laanemetsades on moodustunud valdavalt liivsavimoreenidel, mis on mõnikord kaetud peenliivaga. As the moisture conditions are favourable, the substance turnover is quick, the litter horizon, is thin and the humus horizon on the carbonate parent material is thick. Herbs are the predominant species in the ground vegetation. Kuna niiskustingimused on soodsad, on aineringe kiire, kõduhorisont on õhuke ja
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