The tower is designed by Augustus Pugin in a neo-gothic style. Built in 1859, by the time the constructor said that it's the most accurate clock in the world. https://londonist.com/2016/08/secrets-of-big-ben Oxford street Major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. Europe's busiest shopping street. Million daily visitors. At least 300 shops. It has the lenght of 1,9 km. https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2017/09/demand-large-retail-space-plummeted-say-2-major-landlords / Buckingham Palace The palace has 775 rooms. It has the largest private garden in London. It was built in 1703 for his grace, Duke of Buckingham. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace in 1837. https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/what-you-never-knew-about-buckingham-palace London Eye 135 m tall, 120 m of diameter. Most popular tourist attraction in UK. Europe tallest ferris wheel. You can see up to 40 kilometres in all directions.
the Estonian population was 220 000, in 1765, 400 000 and in 1858, 750 000. Throughout the period, Estonia was mainly an agrarian society. The townspeople formed a modest 5 per cent of the whole population. By 1782, their number had grown to 23 000. The biggest town was Tallinn with a population of 10 700; in Tartu the number was 3400. And there were some smaller towns like Rakvere and Paide, mercilessly plundered in the Northern War. Townspeople had to fight hard with the neighbouring landlords who considered them as. The population kept growing very slowly: in 1862 the number of townspeople was 64 000, which formed only 8.7 per cent of the population living on Estonian territory. The Estonian population in 1782 was divided according to social class as follows: nobility 0.6%; the clergy, townspeople, and other free people (excluding the Swedish "free peasants" of the coast and islands, resident since the 13th century); peasants, of who'm most were serfs.
Irish Potato Famine During the 19th century, 2/3 of the Irish people lived in very poor conditions under the British rule they had to work for upper-class English landlords, who never set foot in Ireland. The work was to raise crop for a tiny piece of land (most of tenants had less than an acre) where they could grow food (potatoes) for their own families. Potatoes were grown because they have all the necessary vitamins in them and only the potatoes would suffice to feed a family when grown on such tiny holdings. In 1845 a fungus, called Phytophthora infestans (commonly known as potato blight) attacked the potato crop and destroyed half of it
masters. Being a centre of power also meant that the best master builders and architects of their time worked here. In the second decade of the last century the Estonians had, for the first time in their history, the opportunity to build up a state of their own. By that time, the image of Toompea as a centre of power was so deeply rooted in the people that the voices of those who considered it a stronghold of foreign landlords remained in a small minority. With the construction of the Riigikogu building within the walls of the castle, the Estonian seat of power was perpetuated on Toompea. Throughout the greater part of our independent statehood both the Estonian Parliament and the Government have worked here, but in summer 2000 the Government moved to the Stenbock House According to an old legend, the hill of Toompea was heaped up, stone by stone, by Linda, in mourning for her husband Kalev
rescue Nicholas II and put him back on the throne. Lenin made peace with Germany ,the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which Russia had lost much of Russia's best agricultural and industrial land to Germany, including Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the former army officers were angry about this. Also, the Bolshevik government had taken land from the Tsar and the nobles and given it to the peasants, and the civil war was supported by those landlords who had lost their land. All these enemies of the Bolsheviks co-operated to try to bring down the Bolshevik government. A second cause of the Civil War was the Czech Legion. These were some Czech prisoners of war being taken across Russia who in 1918 mutinied, took control of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and attacked towards Moscow. Finally, these groups within Russia were helped by the Great Powers, angry that Russia had dropped out of the First World War. They were afraid because the
Luckily, despite ups and downs in the local economy, there's always some construction going on in Tallinn so the city is safe from the old man for the time being. The Devil's Wedding This is a story of one house at Rataskaevu street whose former owner had wasted away his wealth and had no future. One night he became so desperate that he decided to take his life. At the fatal moment a stranger entered the room asking the broke landlords permission to celebrate a wedding on the top floor of his house the following night. In reward he promised the man all the riches but only on onecondition: no one would eavesdrop on the feast otherwise it would cost the eavesdropper his life. The landlord agreed. At the appointed time the carriages started arriving at the door and lights were lit up on the top floor window. Fabulous music sounded and the whole house shook as if under the weight of great number of dancers. When
The Saxons & Vikings Fragmentary knowledge of England in the 5th & 6th centuries comes from the British writer Gildas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, saints' lives, poetry, archaelogical findings and place- name studies. British landlords ruled small, unstable kingdoms and continued some Roman traditions of governance. In the mid-5th cent, Vertigern, a British leader, hired Germanic mercenaries to help defend against peoples of the north (Picts & Scots). In the end they revolted & the process of invasion and settlement began. The first Saxon ,,kings" were Hengist & Horsa in Kent, Aelle in Sussex, Cerdic / Cynric in Wessex. So the first ,,English" became mainly from Northern Germany & Denmark. The resistance of the Celts was long
But the realities of war were cruelty, death, destruction. The Black Prince who was the living example of chivalry in England, was feared in France for his cruelty. Ed III reigned for 50 years (died in 1377). His soldier son, the Black Prince died in 1376.Ed III's 10-year-old grandson became King Richard II. The boy's uncle John Gaunt, ruled for him. Richard II was less fortunate. He had neither diplomatic skills nor popularity. He had bad advisers (a tax for every person over the age of 15). Landlords tried to force peasants back to serfdom. People revolted, their leader was Wat Tyler. R II managed to put it down, but the revolt was a warning to the king & nobles. R II was the 2nd king to be killed by ambitious lords. He had no children. There were 2 possible successors: 1) the earl of March, the 7-year- old grandson of Ed III's second son; 2) Henry on Lancaster, son of John of Gaunt. It was difficult to say who had better claim to the throne, but Henry was stronger. He took the
local nobles. He kept a fifth of the farmland to himself. As a result, England, unlike France, had only one powerful family (Look at the map). Most of the Norman nobles had land on both sides of the English Channel, in England and in Normandy. A very small number of Saxon lords kept their lands. All the others lost everything. Many of them fled to lowland Scotland. After each English rebellion there was more land to give away. Over 4,000 English landlords were replaced by 200 Norman ones. By 1086, only two of the greater landlords and only two bishops were English. In 1086, William’s officials surveyed much of England to record the ownership, size and value of each manor. Their records formed the Domesday Book which provided information for William’s tax officers. French became the language of the country’s ruling class for several hundred years. But Anglo-Normans had to talk to the conquered population – traders,
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