Schönberg on öelnud, et Cage pole mitte helilooja, vaid leidur. Cage ise ütles, et tema leiutaski muusika. Cage'i lähenemine muusikale oli täiesti erinev seni lääne muusikas kehtinud arusaamadest. Tema esimesi leiutisi oli ettevalmistatud klaver (prepared piano) klaver, mille keeltele või keelte vahele on asetatud metallpolte, kummi, puitu jms, nii et klaveri kõla meenutab pigem löökpilliansamblit. Idee sai indoneesia gamelani-muusikat kuuldes. Lõi "Sonatas and Interludes" (1946-48) ettevalmistatud klaverile. 1950ndail süvenes india ja hiina filosoofiatesse, eriti aga zen-budismi (loomingus peegeldub lääne kultuurist erinev ajataju, vaikuse tunnetamine, püüd loobuda igasugusest kontrollist jm). Uuris Hiina muutuste-raamatut "I Ching" tuletas selle põhjal oma juhusemuusika teooria, st muusikateose osade arvu, helikõrgused, rütmi jms võib
in church) drama. · Miracle plays or miracles, were performed by guilds of artisans in town squares. There were several cycles of miracle plays (around 50). They all had some kind of religious component, the lives of saints or stories of the Bible. · Morality plays were the beginning of secular (non-religious) drama. Mostly allegorical characters, a lot of moralising, the struggle of good and evil etc. The plot is closer to everyday lives. · Interludes comic episodes, close to farce and fabliau. These mocked religion.
they performed them on cart that were pushed around in town. People who belonged to guild were actors, craftmen. At the end of 14th morality plays appeared and they were single plays. Aim was to teach people a moral lesson. Often dramatized these plays the conflict between good and evil. Characters were different vices and virtues. Bestknown morality was "Everyman" written 1485. In the 16th century more human themes were dealt with in plays. Different types of palys. Interludes are one act plays, staged in richman houses and the aim was to entertain. In court the court masque included dancing, singing, scenery and costumes. Based on mythology and allegorie. Characters were fairies etc. Often actors were members of the court. Also king or queen. Louise XV was fonf of acting, often took part. At the end of 16th start 17th saw the appearance of professional actors. They travelled from town to town in caravan. In 1572 a law was past that stated that only the actors
common and well-preserved in the Northern Isles and Western Isles, where lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone. Roman influence The written protohistory of Scotland began with the arrival of the Roman Empire in southern and central Great Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a province called Britannia. Roman invasions and occupations of southern Scotland were a series of brief interludes. In 834 AD the general Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeated the Caledonians at the battle of Mons Graupius, and Roman forts were briefly set along the Gask Ridge close to the Highland line (none are known to have been constructed beyond that line). Three years after the battle the Roman armies had withdrawn to the Southern Uplands. They erected Hadrian's Wall to control tribes on both sides of the wall, and the Limes Britannicus
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