bacteria to adhere to the corneal surface. Attachment keeps bacteria safe from blinking activity of the eyelids and being washed off by the lachrymal secretions (Postma et al., 2007). The pilated strain of Moraxella bovis is the only form able to cause infection and clinical signs. Nonpilated forms do not cause infections. Moraxella bovis has some factors associated with fibroblasts, neutrophils and collagenase release from epithelial cells. One of these factors are hydrolytic enzymes which have the ability to degrade lipids, matrix proteins, mucopolysaccharides may cause corneal ulcerations. There are also necrotizing and cytotoxic factors released by bacteria, that exterminates corneal epithelial cells. Moraxella bovis has ability to produce hemolysin and it is essential virulence factor of bacteria. Nonhemolytic strains are not so capable to cause IBK. The source of hemolytic isolates can be recovered when there is enough UV radiation (Brown et al., 1998).
koodoneid. Initsiaator tRNA puhul esineb bakteritel „wobble“ paardumine koodoni esimeses positsioonis (GUG ja UUG on sagedased 10%). tRNAde väiksema arvu jaoks kasutatakse mitokondrites kolmandas positsioonis tihti inosiini, mis on guaniini sarnane. Lisaks on antikoodoni kõrval metülatsioon ja pseudouridiin. Wobble paardumine. Inosiin esineb tRNA-s ja on vajalik wobble aluspaaride õigeks translatsiooniks. Inosine (I) at position 34 (wobble position) of tRNA is formed by the hydrolytic deamination of a genomically encoded adenosine (A) (reaktsiooni katalüüsib tRNA A:34 deaminaas). Adeniin muudetakse kas adenosiin-/inosiinmonofosfaadiks, mis järgnevalt muudetakseinosooniks. Alternatiivsed geneetilised koodid (mitokondrite erinevad koodid, alternatiivsed koodid bakteritel, pärmidel) Mitokondris: AGA - Ter* (Arg) AGG - Ter* (Arg) AUA - Met (Ile) UGA - Trp (Ter*)
190 Chapter 9 studied in detail and has been attributed apart from contributing to the inhibition of partly to the presence of genes involved in spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, the energetic catabolism of nucleosides, such favors water release through protein coagula- as adenosine and inosine that are abundant in tion, as well as the hydrolytic action of both meat (Chaillou et al. 2005), and partly to its cathepsin D and lysosomal acid lipase. mode of arginine catabolism (Champomier- Addition of heterofermentative lactic acid Verges et al. 1999; Zuriga et al. 2002; bacteria results in the production of addi- Chaillou et al. 2005). Other species, such as tional compounds, such as acetoin and diace-
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