population. After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, in local or national outbreaks. (Wikipedia homepage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death_in_England) 4 3 CITY LIFE BEFORE AND DURING THE PLAGUE In the seventeenth century London was a city with an impressive architecture. The beauties of the city were the large castles, stunning churches and amazing abbeys. The gap between rich and poor was humongous. Common people lived in houses which were made out of wood. The streets were very narrow and buildings were built close together. Most of the people were poor and the living conditions were unbearable. The city was infested by rats because of the townspeople who would throw their trash, out-dated food and sewage out on the streets. 3.1 Spreading of the plague The reason why Great Plague spread to England is that the merchants travelled to Asia which
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39: 4309-4315. Taylor, J.W., Jacobson, D.J. & Fischer, M.C. 1999. The evolution of asexual fungi: reproduction, speciation and classification. Annual Review of Phytopathology 37: 197-246. Vaughn, J.C., Mason, M.T., Sper-Whitis, G.L., Kuhlman, P. & Palmer, J.D. 1995. Fungal origin by horizontal transfer of a plant mitochondrial group I intron in the chimeric CoxI gene of Peperomia. Journal of Molecular Evolution 41: 563-572. Volk, T. 2002. The humongous fungus – ten years later. Inoculum (Supplement to Mycologia) 53: 4-8. Weber, H. 1993. Allgemeine Mykologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart, 541 pp. Xu, J., Vilgalys, R. & Mitchell, T.G. 1999. Lack of genetic differentiation between two geographic samples of Candida albicans isolated from patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Journal of Bacteriology 181: 1369-1373.
commercial advertising for imagery but makes trompe-l'oeil illusion viable again without the fantastic invention or satirical commentary of Pop Art. These artists also considered the work of earlier American art and even C17 Dutch still-life and genre painting. Exemplary artists. Chuck Close (late-C20). He did enlargements of snapshot photographs, often painted painstakingly with acrylic. He deliberately reproduces the distortions of a photograph (blurriness and focus). He reduces his humongous images to visual information about surface, depth of field, focus and scale, sans psychological factors. Richard Estes (late-C20). He produced flawlessly elegant townscapes of New York. He painted storefronts and urban panoramas. Glass in its reflections and transparency plays an important role in his works. He used photographs as the basis for his paintings but modified them. He also painted views of Paris, Florence and Venice (comparable to Canaletto).
commercial advertising for imagery but makes trompe-l'oeil illusion viable again without the fantastic invention or satirical commentary of Pop Art. These artists also considered the work of earlier American art and even C17 Dutch still-life and genre painting. Exemplary artists. Chuck Close (late-C20). He did enlargements of snapshot photographs, often painted painstakingly with acrylic. He deliberately reproduces the distortions of a photograph (blurriness and focus). He reduces his humongous images to visual information about surface, depth of field, focus and scale, sans psychological factors. Richard Estes (late-C20). He produced flawlessly elegant townscapes of New York. He painted storefronts and urban panoramas. Glass in its reflections and transparency plays an important role in his works. He used photographs as the basis for his paintings but modified them. He also painted views of Paris, Florence and Venice (comparable to Canaletto).
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