The highest level of the pyramid answers the question: "What is a production system?" It states the goals and requirements of a production system. Considering the TFV model proposed by Koskela, a production system in construction should fulfil the following three goals: delivery of the product minimization of waste maximization of value The second level is heuristics, common ways to contribute to the production system goals and to understand the relations between the concepts. These are the requirements for how methodologies/actions/techniques must contribute to the production system goals, involving an understanding of how actions relate to goals. As the two upper levels involve the notion of concept, then these must be converted to reality through methods, techniques, functions and etc. (Henrich,
for action sped by and away. From all indications, we will be relying on these stereotypes to an even greater extent in the future. As the stimuli saturating our lives continue to grow more intricate and variable, we will have to depend increas- ingly on our shortcuts to handle them al1.4 Psychologists have recently uncovered a number of mental shortcuts that we employ in making our everyday judgments (Kahneman, Slovic, ~ Tversky, 1982; Todd ~ Gigerenzer, 2007). Termed judgmental heuristics, these shortcuts operate in much the same fashion as the expensive = good rule, allowing for simplified think- ing that works well most of the time but leaves us open to occasional, costly mis- takes. Especially relevant to this book are those heuristics that tell us when to believe or do what we are told. Consider, for example, the shortcut rule that goes, "If an expert said so, it must be true." As we will see in Chapter 6, there is an
68. Müristaja, Heli. Kohalike elanike turismiuuring, 2005. [http://www.klaster. turundustugi.ee/turismisihtkohta-ja-selle-arendust-puudutavad-uuringud]. 18.02.2011 69. Nickerson, Norma Polovitz, Kerr, Paula. Snapshots an Introduction to Tourism. Second Canadian edition. Toronto: Prentice Hall, 2001, 340 p. 70. Osterwalder, Alexander, Pigneur, Yves. Business Model Generation. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010, 278 p. 71. Patel, Amit. Heuristics. Game Programming, 2011. [http://theory.stanford.edu/ ~amitp/GameProgramming/Heuristics.html]. 13.02.2011 72. Park, Sun-Young, Petrick, James F. Destinations' Perspectives for Branding. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 262265. 73. Peedel, Malle. Turismisihtkoht ja vaatamisväärsus. Eesti turismigeograafia, 2009. [http://cmsimple.e-ope.ee/eesti_turismigeograafia/?Turismisihtkoht_ja_vaata misv%E4%E4rsus]. 03.05.2011 74. Pike, Steven
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It has sold nearly 50,000 copies without any advertising or bookstore placement. Munger's Worldly Wisdom (www.fourhourbody.com/munger) This transcribed speech, given by Charlie Munger at USC Business School, discusses the 8090 important mental models that cover 90% of the decisions he makes. End of Chapter Notes 3. In this case, the "4-Hour Body" is quite literal. 4. These "mental models" are often referred to as heuristics or analytical frameworks. 5. For example, proper conversion of T4 thyroid hormone to the more thermogenically active T3. 6. Genes alone cannot account for the diversity of characteristics we see around us. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is now thought to be responsible for much of the diversity, and there is good news: just as you can turn genes on and off, you can influence mRNA dramatically with environment--even shut down certain processes entirely through interference. 7
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