Schizophrenia Kristel Raud PSPSB 2 What is schizophrenia? Mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and by impaired emotional responses Delusions including paranoia and auditory hallucinations, disorganized thinking reflected in speech, and a lack of emotional intelligence Symptoms Hallucinations (hearing voices) Delusions (bizarre or persecutory in nature) Disorganized thinking and speech Social withdrawal Sloppiness of dress and hygiene Loss of motivation and judgment Positive and negative symptoms POSITIVE NEGATIVE Poverty of speech (alogia) Delusions Lack of desire to form Disordered thoughts relationships (asociality) and speech Lack of motivation (avolition) Auditory and visual hallucinations
1860 Peggendorffi illusioon Lokalisatsiooni illusioon Vormi illusioon Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Wundt-Heringi illusioon 1861,1898 Kasutatud kirjandus http://www.intropsych.com/ch04_senses/hallucinations,_illusions,_and_perceptions.ht http://www.google.ee/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAXm0dIuyug ENE J. Luik, T. Bachmann "Illustratsioone psühholoogia üldkursuse näitlikustamiseks" A. Juske "Kaksipidi pildid" Tänan tähelepanu eest!
most common perceptions at night. micropsia(feeling yourself smaller) macropsia(feeling yourself bigger) pelopsia(objects appear nearer) teleopsia(objects appear further) Causes typical migraines temporal lobe epilepsys brain tumours psychoactive drugs Epstein-barr-virus infection abnormal amounts of electrical activity Exact causes are not known! Signs and symptoms hallmark sign is a migraine experiences of altered body images “lilliputian hallucinations” feeling of giddiness eye redness losing the sense of time memory loss sound sensations AIWS is named after … Can you guess it? :D Lewis Carroll’s famous novel “Alice’s adventures in Wonderland” Lilliputian refers to “Gulliver’s travels” by Jonathan Swift. History Also Todd’s syndrome British Consultant Psychiatrist Dr. John Todd his patients had the symptoms claimed that Carroll had it. Treatment ★ consists of giving migraine prophylaxis - anticonvulsants
supplements, and sugar or sweeteners Marketed to improve energy, weight loss, athletic performance 30 to 60 minutes after consumption Targeted to 18 to 35 year old consumer Stimulative ingredients Caffeine Taurine Guarana Popular brands Hundreds of different brands Most popular brands: Red Bull, Monster, Rockstar, Burn Effects on central nervous system Chronic daily headaches Agitation Irritation Psychosis Changes in mental condition Insomnia Hallucinations Cardiovascular effects Increase heart rate and blood pressure Dysrhythmia Promote cardiovascular diseases Effects on gastrointestinal tract and teeth Diarrhea and stomachache Vomiting Heartburn Obesity Dental erosion Good effects Low doses of caffeine Improve cognitive performance, mood Improve task speed and accuracy Increased attention and alertness Energy drinks and pregnancy Risk of miscarriage Stillbirth 100 mg per day
● Heroin is highly addictive and dangerous. Heroin is injected by a needle which usually is used by many addicts, which causes diseases like HIV to spread. Cocaine ● Cocaine is mostly used because of it's mental effects: intense feeling of happiness and to lose contact with reality. Cocaine is usually inhaled through the nose and it's very common in big parties. LSD ● Using LSD causes hallucinations and urge to fly or to some other dangerous activities. It is dosed by tablets. Ecstasy ● Ecstasy is known as a party drug. It is dosed in tablet as well. It makes people very energetic and unpredictable. Drug situation in Estonia ● Drugs in Estonia are gaining lots of popularity. Using drugs causes a lots of deaths, for example in 1999-2012 there were 1118 deaths tied with drug usage. Thanks for listening!
Vaporizer, heats any form of cannabis causing the active ingredients to evaporate into a vapor Cannabis tea Edibles, cannabis is added as an ingredient to one of a variety of foods some people may feel chilled out, relaxed and happy others get the giggles or become more talkative hunger pangs are common you may become more aware of your senses it can make you feel sleepy and lethargic some experience panic attacks and hallucinations Cannabis affects your ability to drive If you smoke it, cannabis can be harmful to your lungs Cannabis can harm your mental health Cannabis may affect your fertility If you are pregnant, cannabis may harm your unborn baby Risks are higher for people who use it regularly from early age https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis _(drug) http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/drugs/page s/cannabis-facts.aspx
1.Cacophony- ebakõla The kitchen door flew open and Mrs. Talbot appeared, but her words were beat back by the cacophony.(page 54) 2.Billow- voolama, voogama I knew he was just being polite-including the new girl in conversation-but if Tore had been a cartoon character, smoke would have billowed from her ears.(page 53) 3.Clamber- eest ära minema, põgenema As I clambered out of her way, a dark shape vaulted over the deck railing.(page 345) 4.Auditory- kuulmine, kuulmis Visual and auditory hallucinations.(page 65) 5.Cord- pael, nöör A moment of silence as she fingered a long corded necklace.(page 66) 6.Mope- norutama, tusatsema You’ll get a lecture on moping around.(page 71) 7.Oxygen- hapnik Then I sat cross-legged on my bed, gulping oxygen.(pages 116 and 117) 8.Proverbial- üldtuntud I’d led the proverbial sheltered life.(page 117) 9.Disembodied- maisest kehast vabanenud, eemaldunud I’d seen a disembodied hand the second morning and heard a voice later that day. (page 157) 10
However, continued 34 exposure to caffeine leads to developing a tolerance to it. Tolerance causes the body to become 35 sensitized to adenosine, so withdrawal causes blood pressure to drop, which can result in a 36 headache and other symptoms. Too much caffeine can result in caffeine intoxication, which is 37 characterized by nervousness, excitement, increased urination, insomnia, flushed face, cold 38 hands/feet, intestinal complaints, and sometimes hallucinations. Some people experience the 39 symptoms of caffeine intoxication after ingesting as little as 250 mg per day. The lethal ingested 40 dose, for an adult person, is estimated to be 13-19 grams. While generally considered safe for 41 people, caffeine can be very toxic to household pets, such as dogs, horses, or parrots. Caffeine 42 intake has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of type II diabetes mellitus. In addition to use as
American Psychological Association Inc, 20 (2), 304-317 · Hayden Ebbern, Sean Mulligan ja Barry Beyerstein (1996) "Maria's NDA: Waiting for the other shoe to drop" Skeptical Inquirer, 20(4), lk 27-33 · Klauer, K. C; Musch, J; Naumer, B (2000)Psychological Review, Vol 107(4), Oct 2000, lk 852-884 · Sireteanu R, Oertel V, Mohr H, Linden D, Singer W, (2008). "Graphical illustration and functional neuroimaging of visual hallucinations during prolonged blindfolding: A comparison to visual imagery" Perception 37(12) 18051821 Veebileheküljed: Madli Uutma Psühholoogia 19.12.2011 · Sutherland, M (2007) ,, Subliminal Advertising, Like the Energizer Bunny, Just Keeps Going... and Going."
This approach is sometimes criticized for being overly simplistic, but it is important to have detailed information of the components of human behavior in order to understand the interaction of several factors. Kasamatsu and Hirai studied a group of Buddhist monks who went on a 72-hour pilgrimage to a holy mountain in Japan. During this time the monks did not eat, drink or speak and were exposed to cold, autumn weather. About 48 hours later they started to have hallucinations, often about their ancestors. The researchers took blood samples from the monks before the ceremony and immediately after the monks reported seeing hallucinations. They found that serotonin levels had increased in their brains. Serotonin activated the hypothalamus and the frontal cortex resulting in hallucinations. They concluded from this study that sensory deprivation triggered the release of serotonin, which actually altered the way the monks experienced the world.
really an excuse for one group to attack another. Or perhaps there was some psychological explanation. Perhaps some psychological condition caused the girl's symptoms. Perhaps the girls enjoyed the attention and power they received and perhaps the whole thing got out of hand. Maybe once the girls had started they felt they could not stop. There is also a theory that a fungus called ergot caused the hysteria. It grows on rye and caused hallucinations and bizarre and erratic behaviour. It has been blamed for the `dancing crazes' in Europe in the Middle Ages when loads of people started `dancing' uncontrollably. We will probably never know exactly what happened but the Salem witch trials passed into legend. They formed the basis of Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, which was written in 1953 at the 7 McCarthy's `witch hunts'
approximately 1,760 pounds but sleep an average of just 1.9 hours per 24-hour cycle. Eight hours per night doesn't apply to most of the animal kingdom. Is there any reason why humans can't emulate giraffes? Is it possible to cut your total sleep time in half, yet feel completely refreshed? The short answer is yes. In 1996, I once went almost ve days without sleep to see (1) if I could make it a week (I couldn't), and (2) what the side e ects would be. Hallucinations cut that little experiment short, but I've continued to play with different patterns of sleep cycles. One of the most fascinating approaches is that of "polyphasic" sleep: breaking sleep up into multiple segments so you can perform well with as little as two hours of sleep per day. The potential advantages of this schedule for new parents--or anyone else forced to embrace insu cient sleep--are tremendous. Beyond that, think of the books you could read, the things
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