Together with the adjectives, this suffix may produce words e.g brown-brownish, that denote a small degree of some quality. Also the suffix may form tactful words that are not found in dictionaries, if the speaker doesn't wish sound too categorical. E.g the lecture was dullish, she came lateish. With nouns +-ish, we get adjectives with a negative contemptuous colouring e.g childish, sheepish. This negative is even stronger with compounds e.g honeymoonish (exception: boyish, girlish do not have any negative connotation). When ish is added to proper names, it adds an uncomplementary colouring e.g mark twainish characters (-ish +proper name) At the same time, with proper names we may have the suffix ian e.g Dickensian characters, Shakesperian characters. Suffix s with names has poor connotation and belongs to refine style. E.g Dante -> Dantesque, Turneresque, picturesque. Suffixes expressing negative attitude
· -ish+ adjective stem may give an emotionally neutral effect (brownish--a small quantity of brown) · -ish may form "tactful" words that are formed as nonce words if the speaker does not want to sound too categorical (dullish lecture, lateish) · Together with noun stems ish forms adjectives with negative, contemptuous colouring (doggish, womanish) · Negative colouring becomes stronger with compound stems (honeymoonish) (boyish, girlish have no negative evaluation) Suffixes may be added to proper names: · -ish adds a derogatory colouring (Dickensish) · -ien with names gives a high flown style (dickensien) · -esque has positive connotation and it forms an element of refine style (dantesque) · The main noun forming suffixes with negative evaluation are:-ard, -ster, -monger, -eer · On the slang, -o shows contemptuous attitude (kiddo, coppo)
person (metonymy) (e.g. "You are a beautiful 20."). 5. EXPRESSIVENESS ON THE LEVEL OF WORD BUILDING (WB) Words may acquire expressiveness due to their structure. Affixation: suffix ish- with the adjective stem denotes a small degree of some quality (e.g. brownish). Together with nouns ish forms adjectives that are negative: doggish, sheepish, childish, etc. The negative colouring is even greater with compound stems (e.g. honeymoonish, etc.). Exception: the words "boyish" and "girlish" do not have negative evaluation. Suffixes may be added to proper names. The suffix ish- adds a negative colouring. The suffixes ien and ean render the name as lofty (e.g. Shakespearean); suffix esque- possesses positive connotation. The main noun forming suffixes that render negative evaluation are: -ard- (e.g. coward, drunkard, etc.), -ster- (e.g. gangster, hipster, oldster, etc.), -eer- (e.g. rocketeer, profiteer, blackmarketeer, etc.),
quality (e.g. brownish). Another function is to coin tactful words that are often nonce words because the speaker does not wish to sound too categorically (e.g. dull dullish; big biggish; late lateish; etc.). Together with nouns ish forms adjectives that are negative: doggish, sheepish, childish, etc. The negative colouring is even greater with compound stems (e.g. honeymoonish, come-hetherish, etc.). Exception: the words "boyish" and "girlish" do not have negative evaluation. Suffixes may be added to proper names. The suffix ish- adds a negative colouring (e.g. if the speaker has no respect for Dickens he can use suffix ish- to show it, so he can say "dickensish"). The suffixes ien and ean render the name as lofty (e.g. Dickensien, Shakespearean); suffix esque- possesses positive connotation and forms an element of refine style (e.g. Turner turneresque).
college. I watched them interact and felt awe and a dash of envy. Their relationship was so beautifully functional that it was a joy to spend time with them. "Damn, girl," Steven said with a whistle, as I went for a third helping. "You can put it away. Where does it go?" I shrugged. "To the gym with me. Maybe that helps...?" "Don't mind him," Mark said, grinning. "Steven's just jealous. He has to watch his girlish figure." "Hell." Steven shot his partner a wry look. "I might have to take her out to lunch with the crew. I could win money betting on how much she can eat." I smiled. "That could be fun." "Ha. I knew you had a bit of a wild streak. It's in your smile." Looking down at my food, I refused to let my mind wander into memories of just how wild I'd been in my rebellious, self-destructive phase. Mark saved me. "Don't harass my assistant
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