the Catholic population suffered severe political and economic privations. In 1801, this colonial parliament was abolished and Ireland became an integral part of a new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Act of Union. Catholics were still banned from sitting in that new parliament until Catholic Emancipation was attained in 1829, the principal condition of which was the removal of the poorer, and thus more radical, Irish freeholders from the franchise. The Irish Parliamentary Party strove from the 1880s to attain Home Rule self-government through the parliamentary constitutional movement eventually winning the Home Rule Act 1914, though suspended on the outbreak of World War I. In 1922, after the Irish War of Independence, the southern twenty-six counties of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom (UK) to become the independent Irish Free State -- and after 1948, the Republic of Ireland
pärisorje, reaalselt saadi järjest vähem tagasi. On veel säilinud nimekirjad oma pagenud teoorjade kohta. Pärisorjus suri ise välja. On allikatest leitud, et viimane pärisori suri 1630ndatel aastatel. 17.sajandi alguseks oli sisuliselt mindud üle tavarendile. 16.sajandil oli Inglismaa talurahvas jõudnud jõukamale järjele võrreldes mandri-euroopa talurahvaga, eriti Prantsusmaaga, kus talurahvas oli väga vaene. 16. sajandiks kujunenud talupoegade maa- ja rendisuhted: Freeholders – ida-Inglismaa aladel neid palju. Olid oma maa omanikud, valdajad. Võisid müüa, päranda, osta. 25 % elanikkonnast. Vabatalupojad. Yeoman – suurmaatalupoeg. Prestiizne oli end selle terminiga liigitada. Olid jõukad freeholderid, aga võis olla ka alamaadel. Piir oli ebamäärane. Vabatalupojad. Copyholders – 2/3 elanikkonnast. Ühe mõisa piires rentisid maad. pärismiõigusega copyholderid – valdavalt ida- ja kaguosas. Olid üpris kõrgel sotsiaalsel tasandil
11 killed, 400 wounded Corn Law artifically raised the price of imported corn to keep it out of British Markets The campaign for parliamentary reform from mid C18 to C20 Parliamentary representation used to be in the hands of large land families New interests had to buy votes all interests in the society would be represnted. A wider franchise was needed to withstand the House of Lords Reform Billl 1832 gave vote to freeholders, and almost all middle class The Free Trade and Corn Law debates Trade without imposition of tariffs. Corn law had been applied since 12 th C, to protect English agricultury Repealers supported economic liberalism: no monopoly, use of economic resources should follow the actual demand Anti-repealers: favoured better working conditions for poor, not bread The Industrial Revolution The economic and social transformation of
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