Tallinn University TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Tallinn 2013 INTRODUCTION The accession negotiations and the forthcoming Turkish accession present challenges to both Turkey and the EU. It is widely accepted that Turkey's accession would be different from previous enlargements because of the combined impact of Turkey's population, size, geographical location, economic, security and military potential. The case of Turkey will be different and more challenging from previous accessions for a number of reasons, some of them are presented below. Turkey is a country with a large population and geographic area. With a population of 74 million today, it is projected that it could be the largest member state at the time of accession
unity and identity in a wider sense. The circle of gold stars represents solidarity and harmony between the peoples of Europe. The number of stars has nothing to do with the number of member states. There are twelve stars because this number is traditionally the symbol of perfection, completeness and unity. So the flag therefore remains unchanged despited of EU enlargements. Anthem This is the anthem not only of the European Union but also of Europe in a wider sense. The melody comes from the Ninth Symphony, what is composed in 1823 by Ludwig Van Beethoven. In 1972, the Council of Europe took Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" theme as its anthem. It's without words. Euro The euro is the legal tender for around 329 million people in 16 EU countries. The symbol for the euro is . The euro paper money is
functioning democracy, rule of law, and protection of human and minority rights met the strongest obstacles in the Central Eastern European countries and are currently the most problematic areas in the ENP countries. On the other hand after the dismay of planned economies, the requirement for a free market was relatively easier to meet despite some hardships in change of management styles and ownership in the process of transferring to free market economy. In the case of the 2004 and 2007 enlargements the closure of all acquischapters required lengthy process of negotiations and domestic adjustments. 5.Which are the most updated EU documents to describe ENP and EaP policy goals and tools? Progress reports on implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy. Also the council conclusions on co-operation between the EU and Eastern Europe in the field of drug
It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. At the moment there are 28 member states in the EU. To become a member, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning marketeconomy; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. No member state has ever left the Union. After 1952, there have been 7 enlargements: 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004 (including Estonia), 2007, 2013. Most important 5 treaties (lepingud) till today are Paris, Rome, Brussels, Maastrict and Lisbon. Leaders: President of the Commission José Manuel Barroso and President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy. EU law The European Union is based on the rule of law. This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU member countries
Indiana. Super-Realism. It has also been called Photorealism and Hyperrealism, and draws on photographic sources and commercial advertising for imagery but makes trompe-l'oeil illusion viable again without the fantastic invention or satirical commentary of Pop Art. These artists also considered the work of earlier American art and even C17 Dutch still-life and genre painting. Exemplary artists. Chuck Close (late-C20). He did enlargements of snapshot photographs, often painted painstakingly with acrylic. He deliberately reproduces the distortions of a photograph (blurriness and focus). He reduces his humongous images to visual information about surface, depth of field, focus and scale, sans psychological factors. Richard Estes (late-C20). He produced flawlessly elegant townscapes of New York. He painted storefronts and urban panoramas. Glass in its reflections and transparency plays an important role in his works
Indiana. Super-Realism. It has also been called Photorealism and Hyperrealism, and draws on photographic sources and commercial advertising for imagery but makes trompe-l'oeil illusion viable again without the fantastic invention or satirical commentary of Pop Art. These artists also considered the work of earlier American art and even C17 Dutch still-life and genre painting. Exemplary artists. Chuck Close (late-C20). He did enlargements of snapshot photographs, often painted painstakingly with acrylic. He deliberately reproduces the distortions of a photograph (blurriness and focus). He reduces his humongous images to visual information about surface, depth of field, focus and scale, sans psychological factors. Richard Estes (late-C20). He produced flawlessly elegant townscapes of New York. He painted storefronts and urban panoramas. Glass in its reflections and transparency plays an important role in his works
impressive—at least superficially. He was autocratic, never allowing his staff to disagree with him, but otherwise not unpleasant so long as employees recognized that he was boss. A cardinal article of faith with him was that a well-executed sales campaign could put across almost anything. Friedman did some genetics work for him, but, because he was handy with a camera, he helped the cryptologists who were looking for Bacon's cipher signatures in Shakespeare by making photographic enlargements of the Elizabethan printing that figured in the work. The Department of Ciphers of the Riverbank Laboratories consisted of 14 or 15 high-school and college graduates who assigned the individual letters in these Elizabethan texts to one or the other of two fonts of type as part of the Baconian search. Fabyan gave them their living plus a salary of about $50 a month. The staff was fed and housed in Engledew and Hoover Cottages, the cipher laboratories taking up the first floor of Engledew.
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