about 1.7% of total U.S. natural gas consumption . Of the 412 Bcf, 13 Bcf were used as feedstock, and 399 Bcf were burned as fuel. · Electricity is also used to manufacture plastics. In 2010, about 65 billion kilowatt-hours were used, equal to about 1.7% of total U.S. electricity consumption. Only about 1% of the total U.S. petroleum consumed in 2010 was used to generate electricity. Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms; in other words, they are polymeric biomolecules. Since they are polymers, biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form larger structures. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomeric units used and the structure of the biopolymer formed: 1. polynucleotides (RNA and DNA), which are long polymers composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers; 2
miks bioorganismid eksisteerivad. 16 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS Zilmer, Mihkel, Ello Karelson, Tiiu Vihalemm 2001. Meditsiiniline Biokeemia I. Tartu: Kirjastus Avita. Vilkmaa, Mart, Kalle Hein 2003. Bioloogia Gümnaasiumile I osa. Tartu: Eesti Loodusfoto. Valgud. http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminohapped 2.11.2008 17 SUMMARY Proteins with their many functions and structures are vital biopolymers to all bioorganisms including humans. They take part in almost every chemical reaction in our body and are especially important to organisms hormonic regulation. The term paper is divided into four chapters: proteins and their components, protein structures, protein structural classification and biofunctional assignments of proteins in the human body. Based on the information gathered from the term paper a conclusion, that no organism
defined for proteins in aqueous solution: Caseinate and modified whey contributed globular, rod-like, and random-coil. more to enhancing the textural properties of Membranes formed by globular proteins tend the meat batters compared with the other to be more resistant to rupture than those dairy proteins. Overall, the most cost-effec- formed from random-coil proteins. In prac- tive ingredient appeared to be the modified tice, many biopolymers have some regions whey, which also provided the best moisture that are random coil, rod-like, or globular, retention. and they can change from one conformation Blood plasma is rich in proteins (8%–9%) to another if their environment is altered and these proteins have a higher water-bind- (McClements 1999). ing capacity than meat proteins. Moreover,
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