Independence to replace the North Atlantic colonies. In 1788 the First Fleet with eleven ships, with 1500 people on board were sent to Australia with Captain Phillip. They landed in Port Jackson on January 26th in 1788 and that day is now called Australia Day. It is the biggest day of celebration in the country and in observed as a public holiday in all the states and territories of Australia. During the 1850s, settlement was boosted by gold rushes. Gold was first found at Bayhurst in 1851. The idea of unifying all the states first came to Earl Grey in 1847. On the 1st of January, in1901, Australian colonies federated to become the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia had declared independence from the federation of UK colonies. As neither Sydney nor Melbourne was an acceptable new capital, a new city Canberra was built as a result of an architectural competition. Geographical position:
became known as Australia- the land of the south. By 1852 more than 150,000 convicts had been sent to Australia. About 20% were women and 30% were Irish. Convicts were mostly poor people who could not read or write, many of the women had been prostitutes. Only few convicts were from the wealthier classes. It was hard to build a new society leaning on such a difficult group. Until 1830 the convicts were harshly punished. The real start to Australia's development was the discovery of gold in Bayhurst in 1851, which attracted people like a magnet. Many of the gold founders settled in Australia. Between 1829 and 1859 four of the six colonies became the states of Australia. The idea of unifying all the states first came to Earl Grey, as early as in 1847 The Commonwealth of Australia was approved by the British Parliament and became a reality on January 1, 1901. Now the states became States of the Commonwealth. As neither Sydney nor Melbourne was
The convicts were mostly poor townspeople. Only few of them were from wealthier classes. The building of a new society based on these people was an outrageous challenge. The most cunning and skilful of the convicts became later the founders of prominent colonial families. Until 1830s the convicts were harshly punished for almost no reason, flogging being the most common penalty. During the 1850s, the settlement was boosted by gold rushes. Gold was first found at Bayhurst in 1851. Scarcity of labour (tööjõupuudus), the vastness of the bush, and new wealth based on farming, mining and trade all contributed to the development of uniquely Australian social institutions and sensibilities. The idea of unifying all the states first came to Earl Grey in 1847. It was only on January 1, 1901, that the Australian colonies federated to become the Commonwealth of Australia. As neither Sydney nor Melbourne was an acceptable
In 1787 the First Fleet with eleven ships, more than 1000 convicts on board were sent to Australia with Captain Phillip. They landed in Port Jackson on January 26 th in 1788 and that day is now called Australia day. It is the biggest day of celebration in the country and in observed as a public holiday in all the states and territories of Australia. Sydney grew out from those first British penal settlements. During the 1850s, settlement was boosted by gold rushes. Gold was first found at Bayhurst in 1851. The idea of unifying all the states first came to Earl Grey in 1847. On January 1, 1901 Australian colonies federated to become the Commonwealth of Australia. At 1.00pm the first Governor General of Australia read the Proclamation of the Act to form the Commonwealth of Australia from a Pavilion. Then at Centennial Park, Sydney. Australia had declared independence from the federation of UK colonies.
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