eel-arusaam ning kõik omadused, mis sinna alla ei kuulu, jäävad tähelepanuta. Seda nimetab saksa sotsiaalpsühholoog Thomas Leithäuser igapäeva teadvuseks (everyday consciousness). Mida on aga oluline siinpuhul märkida, uut informatsiooni sedaviisi ei omandata. Vastupidi, igapäeva teadvus tugevndab inimesel juba olemasolevaid uskumusi.7 Õpibarjääride seas võib seda kutsuda kaitsemehhanismisks (learning defence). Veel üks tuntud vorm kaitsemehhanismist on ambivalentsus (ambivalence), mis puhul inimene korraga tahab ja ei taha õppida. Lisaks kaitsemehhanismidele võib inimene kogeda ka vastupanu õppimisele (learning resistance). Seda on tihti raske eristada õppimise vastasest kaitsemehhanismist, kuid 3 Illeris, K. (2003). Towards a contemporary and comprehensive theory of learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 22(4), 396-406. 4 GSI Teaching & Resource Center. (n.d). Cognitive Constructivism. Kasutatud 05.05.2018 http://gsi.berkeley
Intl debate. Russia takes the case. Czar saw that it could be possible. Sanctions from intl community. Innocent, but dark powers participated. Child really died. Found killer, a woman. High Stalinism many others, not Js, in GULag. Show trials teach public. What is danger? Wanted to quell nationalism. Many Js wanted to leave to fight in IL. Land to live, Crimea. Local people in Crimea wanted to secede at this time. 25 Mar 14 Grey Years? Khrushchev-start of pink years, Gorbachev. Ambivalence, from bottom and from top, confusing stance towards Js. Institute of Psychiatry, about as many Js as Russ, 1945-48, decreased by half 48-49. Less than 2% of pop, much more involved than other ethnic groups. At Inst Psychiatry, very senior, edu 30s. 50s and onward, Js avoided politically-charged occupations, like geography. Natural gas discovered end of 70s. DIdn't have means to exploit it before. Western companies in the area, less since 2000, P. Putin decreasing.
Mobilized in August 1914 for service in the French Army, he spent two years at the front in Argonne. He produced many sketches of artillery pieces, airplanes, and fellow soldiers while in the trenches, and painted Soldier with a Pipe (1916) while on furlough. In September 1916 he almost died after a mustard gas attack by the German troops at Verdun. During a period of convalescence in Villepinte he painted The Card Players (1917), a canvas whose robot-like, monstrous figures reflect the ambivalence of his experience of war. As he explained: ...I was stunned by the sight of the breech of a 75 millimeter in the sunlight. It was the magic of light on the white metal. That's all it took for me to forget the abstract art of 1912-1913. The crudeness, variety, humor, and downright perfection of certain men around me, their precise sense of utilitarian reality and its application in the midst of the life-and-death drama we were in...made me want to paint in slang with all its color and mobility
143), and the country is subsequently stigmatized as `one of Europe's most racist countries' (1992, p. 231). Hoffman interprets the Romanians' somewhat placid reactions to a violent political event (the miners' arrival in Bucharest) as signs of ambivalence and fatalism Á key labels in her representation of the Romanian `other'. Such attitudes are sharply contrasted to what, in her opinion, stands for `normality'. Once again, her discourse is a hegemonic one, which makes no room for any alternative cultural
prose like a heightened sense of emotion and physical vanity, considered to be feminine at the time as well as supporting the cause of female Russian writers. Karamzin's call for male writers to write with femininity was not in accordance with the Enlightenment ideals of reason and theory, considered masculine attributes. His works were thus not universally well received; however, they did reflect in some areas of society a growing respect for, or at least ambivalence toward, a female ruler in Catherine the Great. This concept heralded an era of regarding female characteristics in writing as an abstract concept linked with attributes of frivolity, vanity and pathos. Some writers, on the other hand, were more direct in their praise for Catherine II. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, famous for his odes, often dedicated his poems to Empress Catherine II. In contrast to most of his contemporaries, Derzhavin was highly devoted to his state; he
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