Participants osalejad Shrine pühamu Joint holding kaasvaldus Habitual harilik Hence seepärast Restoration taastamine Parcel maatükk Assessment uurimine Constitute moodustama Scarcely napilt Salient väljapaistev Agriculture põllumajandus Artificial kunstlik Reforesting taasmetsastamine Seedling võrse Coniferous okas- Timber puit Utilizing kasutades Subsidized riigitoetust saav Afforestation metsastamine Subsidy toetus Affiliated tütar- Prevailing ülekaalus Deteriorate halveneb Labour tööjõud Confront vastu seisma Monetary rahaline Accompanying kaasasolev Silviculture metsakasvatus Revenue tulu Incentive stiimul Entrust usaldama Steep järsk Labour-intensive tööjõumahukas Decline langus Virgin forest põlismets Secondary forest taastunud mets Overstate ülehindama Subsequently järgnevalt Tendency kalduvus Incremental kasvav Pulpwood pabripuit Stumpage puidu
economy, the national goal for forests and forestry has been to build up the forest resource rapidly and satisfy the demand for forest products by utilizing domestic resources. In order to accomplish this, the central government has treated private forestry sympathetically through several policy instruments. In the early postwar period, the government subsidized half the planting cost in order to rapidly reforest areas destroyed in the war. Afforestation on bare land was completed within a decade, and then reforestation from natural to artificial forest came to be regarded as important. After 1957, 48% of the planting cost for such reforestation was provided as a subsidy by the central government, compared with 24% for the replanting of artificial forests. The amount of subsidy has changed several times, but the relative difference has been maintained up to the present. Favourable loans are also available for forest management
Taastamise eesmärgiks on kiirendada muudetud, rikutud või hävitatud ökosüsteemides loodusliku taastumise protsesse (SER, 2004) ● Passiivne taastamine (laseb metsal ise taastuda, ei aita kaasa) ● Aktiivne taastamine (inimene aitab kaasa) Metsaökosüsteemide taastamine ● Rekultiveerimine (Reclamation) (inimtegevusega rikutud maa taas kasutuskõlblikuks muutmine, korrastamine) ● Metsasuse taastamine (afforestation - muutub kõlviku tüüp, reforestation - jääb samaks) ● Struktuuri ja funktsioonide taastamine (Rehabilitation) ● Veerežiimi taastamine ● Ohustatud metsaliikide kaitsmine AFFORESTATION - metsa istutamine maale, kus puudus metsakate REFORESTATION - metsa istutamine maale, kus on eelnevalt olnud mets Taastamisvõtted metsatüübirühmade kaupa Ettevalmistustööd ● Kirjeldatakse ala seisund, takseerkirjeldus, puistuplaan, varasemad majandusvõtted,
[6] 137. (i) trees are living organisms; renewable; ref to, growth / growing; timber is, of use to human beings / made into products; max 2 (ii) harvested at levels which leave sufficient organisms; to grow / reproduce, and replenish what has been harvested; ref to, coppicing / replanting / afforestation; can be carried on indefinitely; max 2 [4] 138. (a) cyclamen mite / prey populations increase; when conditions are suitable / when predator numbers are low / no or few limiting factors; provides plenty of food for predator mites; which begin to increase later / time lag;
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