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3. These new structures become embedded; their removal is unthinkable: `consolidation'. Structural factors : Factors that are `unchangeable' · Historical · Economic · Political Agential factors: Decisions and calculations made by individuals Or the personalities of certain individuals Most `older' theories of democratization emphasized structural change eg revolution in Russia or China; democratization in the UK & USA In the 1990s, theories began to emphasize `agential' factors or eg the rise of solidarity in Poland, Vaclev Havel in Czechoslovakia, the downfall of Pinochet in Chile were thought to have been contingent on the presence of particular people as leaders or groups of people who were able to make pacts and arrange for transfer of power.
what are `territorial politics' The multi-level politics of federal, regionalised, devolved states Distribution of power between central and regional government Party competition across levels of government `Regions' as spheres for autonomous action South Africa Mexico Germany · 9 provinces · 31 states plus federal district · Developed democracy · `Cooperative' federalism · Predominant role for federal 16 Laender German influence, ANC government · Cooperative federalism preference
7. Fish, S. (2001). Putin's Path, The Journal of Democracy, 12(4), 71-78 8. Gel'man, V. (2006), From Feckless Pluralism to Dominant Power Politics?, The Transformation of Russia's Party System", 13(4), 545561 9. Gel'man, V. (2008). Party Politics in Russia: From Competition to Hierarchy, Europe- Asia Studies, 60(6), 913-930 10. Greene, K.F. (2008). Dominant Party Strategy and Democratization, American Journal of Political Science, 52(1), 1631 11. Lemaître, R. (2006). The Rollback of Democracy in Russia after Beslan, Review of Central and East European Law, 31(1), 369-411 12. McFault, M. (1996). The Vanishing Centre, Journal of Democracy, 7(2), 90-104 13. of Russia's Party System", 13(4), 545561 14. Peregudiov, S.P. (2009). The Russian Political System After the Elections of 2007 2008: stabilizing and Destabilizing Factors, 47(6), 47-87 15. Remington, T
Estonian history between 1710-1850 and 1850-1918 Contents Contents.................................................................................................................................. 2 17101850.............................................................................................................................. 3 Population and social structure........................................................................................ 4 Serfdom and the intensifying manorial economy ............................................................. 4 Influences of Pietism and the Moravian Brethren............................................................. 5 Enlightenment and enlightened absolutism...................................................................... 6 18501918.............................................................................................................................. 8 The national awakening......
I Native Americans · Origin of Native Americans Origin is debatable Siberia->Alaska Crossed the land bridge around 14,000 years ago "ice-free corridor" Hunters, searching for fresh grounds · Different tribes and their way of life In tents, dark skin, hair is long, black and straight, women-agriculture, men- hunting. bands(chief. Travelled together) and tribes land was owned by the tribe that occupied it. 200 different tribes Apache- "enemy"- hunted buffalos, oil and natural gas from their land Cherokee- largest tribe Cheyenne- from Minnesota and S & N Dakota. High system of laws Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Signed in 1787 by Thomas Jefferson. The creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory Ohio River was settled, 5 new states Advancement of education, maintenance of civil liberties, exclusion of slavery Promised not to invade or disturb Indians Northwest Indian War-> to stop white expropriation (sundkoormis) · Indian Removal Act of 1830 D
Tartu Kivilinna Grammar School Netherlands Report Composer: Reino Urbanovits Supervisors: Tiia Krass Erika Hunt Tartu, 2003 Table of contents Table of contents............................................................................................................................2 Introduction....................................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1........................................................................................................................................4 The Netherlands.............................................................................................................................4 Chapter 2......................................................
I. Portugal ABOUT Photo Location of Portugal (dark green) Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [putua]; officially the Portuguese Republic, Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country located in Southwestern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are Portuguese territory as well. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale. SETTLEMENT The land within the bo
The Troubled Peace 1 a) The Nazis didn't care for any other nationalities, they used people who weren't German only for ''slave work'' . Germanys only concern was to keep themselves happy and powerful. They wanted to make themselves the superior race. Hitlers idea of the perfect race, the Aryan race also didn't help, because the Aryan race should have people with light eyes,hair and skin, they should be tall and powerful. He didn't care for people who didn't meet his expectations of the perfect race. In his eyes all other groups of people like the Russians, Jews and just crazy, crippled or diseased people were worthless and didn't have any other use than for slave work or just killing. b) After the war twenty-four major political and military leaders of Nazi Germany, indicted for aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, were brought to trial before the British, French, Russian and American judges. More than 100 additional def
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