History: Union of Crowns (1603); English Civil War (16421651) Oliver Cromwell (d 1659); Restoration Age (16601700); The Glorious Revolution (1688) Restor. literature: contrasting puritanism of Cromwell's time; a shift in morality (brings free attitudes); continental influences (Dutch and French); new forms: fiction and journalism Restor. theatre: comedy of manners, plays are socially mixed, women allowed to perform; heroic drama example: "The Country Wife" by William Wycherley Restor. prose: religious writing philosophical writing; instability of government political writing empiricism and scientific method Enlightenment (late 17th century) a cultural movement of intellectuals Writers: John Milton ("Paradise Lost", poems; "Areopagitica", defense of free speech; personal freedom and knowledge of self, contemporary urgent issues of both religious and political nature; high
contradictions, the ironies and hypocrisies of society. Sharpness of wit, degree of profanity (pühaduseteotus) or ribaldry (nilbus), cultivated laziness, ministerially abetted (õhutatud) twists of laws and distractions of his mistresses. John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester: writer of satirical and bawdy poetry. To a Lady in a Letter, Song, A Song Charles Sackville: The Advice, from the Latin Sir Charles Sedley: Song Dryden: 14. Restoration drama (Dryden, Etheridge, Wycherley, Congreve) Theatres closed in Civil War, resumed in altered society of Restoration, florishing after Puritan regime. Most famous: unsentimental or „hard” comedies of John Dryden, William Wycherley, and George Etheredge. Reflect atmosphere at court, celebrate an aristocratic macho lifestyle of constant sexual intrigue and conquest. Sharp drop in quality and quanitity in 1680s, in 1690s again William Congreve’s „Love for Love” and „The Way of the World”
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