At the end of 19th century the population had grown three times bigger in Great Britain! That made wages much lower, because more people were looking for jobs. Many people couldn't afford places to live and had to live on the streets. Slums started appearing in bigger towns. Crime rate was also rising because of this: many homeless children lived by stealing and respectable Victorians started seeing poor people as a threat to society. That is one of the reasons why workhouses were made. Workhouses Workhouses were supposed to solve the problem of poverty, because wealthy people believed that poor people were poor only because they were lazy(actual causes were overpopulation, unemployment and high prices). So in 1834 a law was passed in the Parliament that resulted in building workhouses to accommodate and give jobs to people who couldn't support themselves financially. Also in the workhouses were orphaned (children without parents) and
In terms of size how would you describe the British Empire? Why was such an enormity needed at all? 3. Why did the Victorian's develop a doubt in religious matters? What were the new discoveries that triggered the questioning in religious faith? Who were David Livingston and Charles Darwin? What were their ideas like? 4. Describe the main social issues of Victorian Britain? How were they depicted in literature? (workhouses, slums, child labour, disease, etc) 5. What ideas and reforms were behind the 'woman question'? Describe the three types of the Victorian women, their roles and development throughout time? 6. Self-help books and the ideology behind them? 7. What is literary realism (definition, development)? Who were the writers whose style is best characterised by this term? 8. Victorian poetry: the dilemmas between aesthetics and morality. Tennyson and
Redistribution Market Polanyi stresses that there is no sense in privileging on mode of circulation in relation to the others. He says: ,,the need for trade of markets is no greater than in the case of reciprocity and redistribution" 1601 Poor Law- Queen Elizabeth I of England Uniform system appointing officals as overseers of the poor Local responsibility Worthy vs. unworthy poor Workhouses- unworthy poor Almshouses- worthy poor Reasons for growing poverty Breakdown of the Feudal system Dissolution of the Monasteries Decline invalues and moral -feed the hungry -give drink to the thirsty -welcome the stranger -clothe the naked -visit the sick -visit the prisoner -bury the dead Land enclosure Poor harvest and population increase
people at any one time. Each country has a different approach to counting homeless people, and estimates of homelessness made by different organizations vary wildly, so comparisons should be made with caution. History of homelessness In the sixteenth century in England, the state first tried to give housing to vagrants instead of punishing them, by introducing bridewells to take vagrants and train them for a profession. In the eighteenth century, these were replaced by workhouses but these were intended to discourage too much reliance on state help. These were later replaced by dormitory housing ("spikes") provided by local boroughs, and these were researched by the writer George Orwell. By the 1930s in England, there were 30,000 people living in these facilities. In the 1960s, the nature and growing problem of homelessness changed for the worse in England, with public concern growing. The number of people living "rough" in the streets had increased dramatically
C. Doyle); Frankenstein(M.Shelley), Dracula(B.Stoker), Edward Hyde(R.L.Stevenson), many other fictional characters. Psychological literature the thoughts and feelings of the characters, the duality of human soulgood and baddescribes almost all of the literary works of the period. · What are the main themes in Charles Dickens` works? The main themes in Dickens` works: social injustice; gloom of urban decay(lagunemine); poverty and despair(lootusetus); children in workhouses and orphanages; consequences of delays in the justice system; evils of industrialism, materialism, educational system. · What were his views of America like? At first, when he went to America he spoke in favour of the abolition of slavery and was very popular among the US people. After that american publishers pirated his works(international copyright) and this resulted in a severe criticism of the American society(American Notes). He saw a significant change in the
His novels are a mixture of romantic and realist elements. His writing is satirical (form of humorous criticism), ironic (inconsistencies btwn what is said and what is meant) and funny and criticizes some social evil. Oliver Twist opposes workhouses; Nicholas Nickleby concentrates on children’s education in boarding schools. Child characters – not used as protagonists before him. 1842 Dickens goes to America. At first enthusiastic; soon shaken as he sees the horrors of slavery
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