The best extant model of this type survives today over the Brenta at Bassano a Grappa, near Venice. It was built by Palladio in 1561, destroyed in 1945, and reconstructed identical to the original in 1948. By the mid-18th century, carpenters working in the forested regions of the world further developed the timber truss bridge. The most famous were two Swiss brothers, Johannes and Ulrich Grubenmann, who built bridges at Schaffhausen, Reichenau, and Wettingen that combined diagonal struts and trusses to produce remarkably long spans for their time. The Schaffhausen Bridge (1757), over the Rhine in northern Switzerland, had two spans, 171ft and 193ft (52m and 59m) respectively, which rested lightly on an intermediate pier when loaded. It was burned by the French in 1799 during the Napoleonic Wars. One of the few Grubenmann bridges to survive is Rumlangbrücke (1766), with a span of 89ft (27m). Figure 6 Bridgeport Bridge (1862), clear-spanning 208ft (63m)
mover. More Overview The terminal building was The layout of the airport was designed by Foster Associates with designed to provide an unobstructed input from the structural engineer flow for passengers to arrive at the Peter Rice and features a “floating” short-stay car park, move through roof, supported by a space frame of the check-in hall, go through security invented-pyramid roof trusses, and on to the departure gates hall on creating the impression of a the same level. From 1997 to 2007 Stansted saw stylised swan in flight. The base of each truss structure is rapid expansion of passenger numbers on the back of the boom in a "utility pillar", which provides low cost air travel, peaking at
2.3. Case Study 1 – Seattle Central Library Designed by Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of OMA/LMN, this building was awarded a Platinum Award in 2005 for innovation and engineering in its "structural solutions" by the American Council of Engineering Companies of Washington. While most traditional towers employ a proportioned column grid, the Central Library’s structure uses asymmetrical placement of perimeter and interior trusses, in places cantilevering out to bear on opposing sloped steel box columns. The concrete core and the concrete foundation walls on three sides act to tame the twist that the off-set platforms naturally impose, while the exterior steel diamond grid system behind the glass "net" serves as the building's seismic support system (Figure 3). 24 Figure 3. Seattle Central Library (Martínez, 2010). Figure 4
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