usually borrowed just in one meaning(spanish word cargo good carried in a ship). Some meanings become more general(nt, umbrella). Sometimes primary meaning becomes secondary (nt, fellow ment conpagnon, now it's a boy or a man). Degree of assimilation : this is the extent to which the word follows norms of English. There are: Completely assimilated words they don't differ from native words. We find them in older borrowings(nt, street, sister, nun). Such words are frequently used, they're stilistically neutral, they take part in word building. (nt, master, -ly,-ful, mastermind). Partial assimilation are divided into: 1)words are not assimilated semantically meaning they have a certain meaning (nt, sari, rikshaw) 2) words not assimilated gramatically(crises, bacillus-bacilli) 3)words not completely assimilated phonetically(nt, police, prestige, mascine). 4)words not assimilated grafically (nt, ballet, buffet, café). Barbarisms or unassimilated words they sound strange. (nt, ciao)
(nt, heart- to break a heart, to take to heart, to have heart in one's mouth). Most native words make up large groups of derived and compound words (nt, heart-ly, heart-less, to heart-en, hard hearted, sad hearted) The native elements play a very important role in English. Influence of borrowings some say that English is so rich mainly due to loan words. The first effect of foreign influences is of course the volume of the vocabulary. Borrowings influence native words stilistically and semantically. If we have 2 words in the language: one native, other borrowed, then they become different in meaning and usage (nt, to meet or to encounter- meaning's the same, but stilistically different) Under the influence of borrowings native words narrowed their meaning (nt stool-iste, chair was borrowed, chair infuenced stool and it is now a taburet). Borrowings have influenced the English language a lot but native elements should not be disregarded or overlooked.
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