· Survives mostly intact · Covered by casing stones Building · Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu around 2540 BC · Originally 146.6 m tall · Currently 138.7 m tall · Mass is about 6 mln tons · Tallest man-made structure for 3800 years Pyramid Complex Materials · More than 2.3 mln limestone blocks · Granite stones King's Chamber · Red granite Sarcophagus · Room is lined with red granite · Roof includes 8-9 granite slabs Other Chambers · Queen's Chamber · Unfinished Chamber Thank You For Listening !
Energy Agency meeting in Vienna, Austria, in August 1986. Elimination of the consequences • Emergency crews responding to the accident used helicopters to pour sand and boron on the reactor debris. The sand was to stop the fire and additional releases of radioactive material; the boron was to prevent additional nuclear reactions. A few weeks after the accident, the crews completely covered the damaged unit in a temporary concrete structure, called the “sarcophagus,” to limit further release of radioactive material. • After the accident, officials closed off the area within 30 kilometers (18 miles) of the plant, except for persons with official business at the plant and those people evaluating and dealing with the consequences of the accident and operating the undamaged reactors. The Soviet (and later on, Russian) government evacuated about 115,000 people from the most heavily contaminated areas in
3 million limestone blocks. The Egyptians got the majority of the limestone blocks from a nearby quarry. The Tufa limestone, used for the casing, was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the "King's" chamber, weigh up to 80 tonnes and were transported more than 900 kilometers away from Aswan. King's Chamber At the end of the lengthy series of entrance ways leading into the interior is the structure's main chamber, the King's Chamber. The sarcophagus of the King's Chamber was hollowed out of a single piece of Red Aswan granite and has been found to be too large to fit through the passageway leading to the chamber. Whether the sarcophagus was ever intended to house a body is unknown, and no lid has ever been found. The King's Chamber is lined with red granite brought from Aswan. The kings chamber and the first 4 relieving chambers have roofs made out of granite. Each roof includes 8 or 9 granite slabs weighing 25 to 80 tonnes each
V St. George's chapel VI The Fersen's sepulchar chapel VII Chancery of congregation room IX southwest chapel 1. Nicolaes Millich Epitaph of Johan Hastfer 1676 2. Box of the Mannteufels 1750s 3. Box of Patkuls 2nd quarter of the 18th cent. 4. Hermann Berents and Hinrik Martens Golgotha group on the transverse beam of the triumphal arch 1694 5. Arent Passer Grave slab of Otto von Uexküll 17th century 6. Arent Passer Perts of Carl Horn's sarcophagus 1601 7. Arent Passer Grave monument of Pontus de la Gardie 1589-95 8. Christian Ackermann Reredos 1694-96 9. Hans von Aken Epitaph of Olaf Ryning 1594 10. Arent Passer Grave monument of Casper von Tiesenhausen 1599 11. Grave monument of Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen 1806 12. Christian Ackermann Pulpit 1686 13. Johann Gustav Stockenberg Grave monument of Fabian von Fersen Last decades of the 17th century 14
"he who presides at Karnak." These procedures °f acrophony and the rebus are essentially those of ordinary Egyptian writing; it was through them that the hieroglyphics originally acquired their sound values. The Egyptian transformations merely carry them further, elaborate them, and make them more artificial. The transformations occur in funerary formulas, in a hymn to Thoth, in a chapter of the Book of the Dead, on the sarcophagus of the pharaoh Seti I, in royal titles dis- played in Luxor, on the architrave of the Temple of Luxor, on stele, in laudatory biographic inscriptions. There is nothing meant to be concealed in all this; indeed, many of the statements are repeated in ordinary form right next to the altered ones. Why, then, the transformations? Sometimes for essentially the same reason as in Khnumhotep's tomb: to impress the reader. Occasionally for a
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