It contains several sites for initiating and terminating polypeptide synthesis. On the other hand all known eukaryotes have only one site for initiation of protein synthesis. Thus eukaryote mRNAs are monocistronic. In most bacterial mRNAs translation begins while the mRNA is still being transcribed on DNA. In eukaryotes the mRNA transcribed on the chromosomes passes through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. Here it forms complexes with ribosomes, which synthesize proteins. Thus translation usually begins only after transcription is completed. 6. Kataboliitne aktivaator (CAP-valk) seondub: (1p) c. DNA-le ÕIGE 7. Võrrelge taime- ja loomarakku. 5 erinevust, 5 sarnasust. Loomarakul puudub 1) tsentraalvakuool 2) rakukest 3) plastiidid 4) rakkude vahel pole selliseid polüsahhariide nagu pektin, selle asemel kollageen 5) turgor
ribosoomile ning kukub välja. Translatsioon peatub. Kloramfenikool ja peptidüültransferaasse reaktsiooni inhibeerimine Chloramphenicol prevents protein chain elongation by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome. It specifically binds to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation. While chloramphenicol and the macrolide class of antibiotics both interact with ribosomes, chloramphenicol is not a macrolide. It directly interferes with substrate binding, whereas macrolides sterically block the progression of the growing peptide. Pruomütsiin kui A-saidi substraadi analoog Puromütsiin seondub ribosoomi aktiivsaiti (ensüümi inhibiitor). A nukleotiidi analoog, seondumine toimub suurele subühikule. Antibiootikumiresistentsuse kolm mehhanismi 1. Kui meil mingi AB märklaud (ribosoom, topoisomeraas jne), kuid selle märklaua geenis
g. algal growth on glass difficulties in providing sufficient light errors lead to loss of several days production of Chlorella max 4 [15] 142. (i) RNA(i) combines with mRNA; e.g. of base pairing (but not T) A-U / G-C; stops translation; ref to stops mRNA combining with ribosomes; stops protein synthesis; max 3 (ii) chemicals / enzymes in, mouth / toothpaste / bacteria; denature / degrade, RNA; RNA not normally taken up by bacterial cells; short life of RNA; RNA not replicated in bacteria when bacteria reproduce; toothpaste in mouth only for short time; AVP; AVP; e.g
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