B simply discards the frame. This helps make Ethernet simple and cheap. But it also means that the stream of datagrams passed to the network layer can have gaps. Does the application-layer protocol at host B see gaps as well? If the application is using UDP, then the application-layer protocol in host B will indeed suffer from gaps in the data. If the application is using TCP, then TCP in host B will not acknowledge the discarded data, causing TCP in host A to retransmit. Note that when TCP retransmits data, Ethernet retransmits the data as well, although Ethernet doesn't know that it is retransmitting. Ethernet thinks it is receiving a brand new datagram with brand new data. Baseband Transmission and Manchester Encoding Ethernet uses baseband transmission, that is, the adapter sends a digital signal directly into the broadcast channel. The interface card does not shift the signal into another frequency band, as do ADSL and cable modem systems
.SlotN: rotating slots > non-prioritized messagesAdvantages:· Small latency Latency of a network increases as the network gets busier. · This could be because the cabling is badly installed (e.g. too each user; ie, code set partitioning· used mostly in wireless broadcast channels (cellular, for light traffic· Good throughput under heavy traffic· Global prioritization through On a busy network, the backoffs (retransmits) that could occur long) or there are too many repeaters. satellite, etc)· all users share same frequency, but each user has own"chipping" sequence (ie, code) to fixed slots > prioritizedimplicit token passes· Bounded latency through rotating with Cut-through switches increase, thereby increasing · If the time to send the signal from one end of the network to
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