to the uprising Irish. The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (164953) ~The Land to be paid~ A problem of equal concern to Cromwell after the Civil War, however, was the fact that most of the soldiers in the Roundhead army still needed paid for their time served in the Civil War, but Parliament had no money to give them. So Cromwell decided to pay them in land. He forcibly moved thousands of Irish from their homes in Munster and Leinster and resettled them in counties Clare, Galway, Mayo and Roscommon. This was by far the poorest land in Ireland and, as well as this, they were not allowed to live within 3 miles of the coast. This strip, called the 'Mile Line' was given to Cromwell's soldiers. In 1652 the newly cleared land in Munster and Leinster was given to Protestants in what was called the 'Cromwellian Settlement'. There was now no part of Ireland where Catholics owned more than ½ of the land
A period of prosperity followed, but independence only lasted for 20 years. 1 During World War II Estonia was occupied by both German and Russian invaders, and Tallinn suffered heavily. The bombing of the city by the Soviet air force on 9 March 1944 left over 20,000 people homeless. During the Russian occupation which followed (and which lasted for five decades) attempts were made to Russify the local people. Large-scale industry was developed in Tallinn, workers were resettled from Russia and new blocks of flats sprang up on the outskirts to provide housing for the newcomers. Tallinn was the biggest grain-handling port in the Soviet Union. Russian speakers out- numbered Estonians in Tallinn. Estonia re-established its independence on 20 August 1991. There is still a large block of granite on Toompea which recalls the days when people barricaded Lossiplats (Castle Square) to prevent Soviet tanks gaining access. Modern Tallinn and places to visit
A period of prosperity followed, but independence only lasted for 20 years. During World War II Estonia was occupied by both German and Russian invaders, and Tallinn suffered heavily. The bombing of the city by the Soviet air forces on 9 March 1944 left over 20,000 people homeless. During the Russian occupation which followed (and which lasted for five decades) attempts were made to Russify the local people. Large scale industry was developed in Tallinn, workers were resettled from Russia and new blocks of flats sprang up on the outskirts to provide housing for the newcomers. Tallinn was the biggest grain-handling port in the Soviet Union. Russian speakers outnumbered Estonians in Tallinn. Estonia re-established its independence on 20 August 1991. There is still a large block of granite on Toompea which recalls the days when people barricaded Lossiplats (Castle Square) to prevent Soviet tanks gaining access.
Approximately 72 000 Estonian political refugees fled to Sweden and Germany in 1944 to escape Russian communism. Of these, nearly 14 000 immigrated to Canada between 1946 and 1955. More than 9,000 came to Canada from West Germany, about 4,000 from Sweden. Balts, mostly Estonians, were among the first displaced persons selected by Canadian immigration during WWII. In Germany, Estonians lived in refugee camps without gainful employment and were ready to be resettled to any other Western country. For many, their first choice was the US, but chose Canada in its place, often with the hope to move to the US later. People migrated in search of better living conditions and greater freedom, but most of all to escape Russian communism. 30. Where are the largest Estonian communities in Canada? The largest Estonian communities formed in Toronto (9-10,000), Montreal (3,000), Vancouver (1,500).
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