- Member states to support European defence agency EDA - Battlegroups EU global strategy - The security of our union - State and societal resilience - An integrated approach to conflicts and crises - Cooperative regional orders - Global governance for the 21st century Policies Types of policies - Regulatory policies – governs the conduct of markets to protect public welfare and interest - Redistributive policies – transfer financial resources from groups of individuals, regions or countries to others - Distributive policies – allocate financial resources and benefits to selected beneficiaries - Constituent policies – rules of the gamses,benefits related to balance of power EUs re-distributive tool – a policy with the stated aim of improving the economic well-being of reigons in the EU and also to avoid regional disparities. Restructures declining industrial
of EU enlargement in the Western Balkans? Stabilization and Association Process (SAP)/ Stabilization and Association Agreement(SAA) 28. Who is in charge in the EU of the fiscal policy and who control its monetary policy? Fiscal policy (Member states) // Monetary policy (ECB) 29. Which types of policies transfer financial resources from groups of individuals, regions, or countries, to others? (concentrated costs, general benefits) - Redistributive policies Economic policy – Policy dealing with the management of goods and services, including productivity, consumption, money supply and competition. Fiscal policy – Policy dealing with the budgets: how and where goverments revenues are raised and how and where public funds are spent Competition policy - Policy aimed at limiting the Marketplace distortions created by monopoles, cartles, pricefixing, abuse of dominant position and market-sharing
*Tihedam seos majandusega. *Innovatsioon on oluline ka sotsiaalpoliitikas (self-care, bio hacking). Need mõjud on universaalsed, kuid mõju tugevus erineb riigiti. Heaolupoliitikate ressursid: Üldmaksud: Tulumaks *(income tax), *progressive vrs. flat rate. *madalapalgaliste maksuvabastused (Tax exemption.). Käibemaks (VAT). Sotsiaalkindlustus (Social insurance contributions- ca 70%) Payroll tax (flat, .I.e. less redistributive), Madalapalgalistel väiksemad määrad, “Lagi” kõrgepalgalistele. Tasud teenuste eest: Tax expenditures: maksude maha arvamised tax breaks/deductions, sotsiaalhüvitiste maksustamine (pensionid). Maksupoliitika ja HR suuruse seos: Kas heaolukulud “käivad läbi” riigieelarve? (USAs mitte). Kas kõrged maksud tekitavad sotsiaalse dumpingu efekti? Probleem peam. madala kvalif. tööjõu puhul (suurem tööpuudus, võimalik kolida tootmine arengumaadesse
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