Spanish California The fifteenth century saw the completion of the reconquest of Spain and the emergence of Ferdinand and Isabella as the rulers of an expansionist empire eager to spread Christianity to distant lands and increase the wealth and power of Spain in the process.. Immediately after Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Americas in 1492, Spain began a series of expeditions into North, Central and South America. In 1519 Hernan Cortes began a campaign to conquer Tenochtitlan. It took several years but eventually he prevailed
In 1565 she married Henry Stewart. They had a son James. Her husband died in a house exploison, Mary married James Hephurn, a suspect in this murder. Scots turned against her. After years in prison by Elizabeth, she was executed. Her son became the successor. The defeat of The Invincible Armada 1588 Spanish King Philip II wanted to weaken England´s growing maritime power. He decided to conquest England, that would have assured the reconquest of Netherlands. His plan was to win control of the English Channel and then invade England. The Spanish Armada was destroyed by the English Feet. The House of Stuart James I of England, james VI of Scotland 17C Charles I 17 C Charles II 17 C James II 17 C William III & Mary II 17C William III alone 17-18 C Anne 18 C The Stuart ,,devine right of kings" The doctrine according to what a monarch has
who was one of the principal noblemen of the region, led the revolt. Initially unsuccessful, the Dutch then concentrated their efforts in the north. After William's naval supporters, called the Sea Beggars, seized the Holland port of Brill (Brielle) in 1572, the rebels took control of most northern towns, which became the bases of the revolt. William tried to maintain the unity of north and south but was unable to hold the north against the brilliant campaigns of reconquest led by a new Spanish commander, Alessandro Farnese. (3) In 1579 the Union of Utrecht, an anti-Spanish alliance of all northern and some southern territories, was formed. The union signified the final divergence of the northern part of the Low Countries, which later became the Netherlands, from the southern part, which later became Belgium. The Union of Utrecht became the nucleus of the present Dutch nation. In 1581 the
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