(Schaefer et al., 2002; Ochsner et al., 2002, 2004b). This suggests that whichever particular prefrontal system regulates the amygdala depends on the strategy and the goal. Yet again, these studies are intentional responsive studies, showing the physiological- neurological difference in functions when intentionally regulating emotions. Only recently researchers have started to apply knowledge to automatic processes by measuring psychobiological responses in relation to emotion regulation. There is evidence that elevated cortisol is associated with negative emotion (Polk et al. 2005). Hostility and trait negative affect (NA) are positively associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation as measured by the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Marsland et al., 2008). However, a disadvantage of these studies is the neglect of the immediate ER process. Reading the average account of emotional
center of a map- like model of development that has emerged as an alternative to the traditional stage models (Darras & Kindler, 1996: Kindler & Darras, 1997a, 1997b, 1998). This model regards emergence and development of pictorial imagery as a semiotic process occurring in an interactive social environment that leads to pictorial behaviors that may engage single or multiple modalities of expression. This framework acknowledges psychobiological factors that found development of pictorial activity while emphasizing the role of culture in validating or deselecting specific pictorial systems. It constitutes an attempt to decolonize discourse about artistic development by pointing to the usefulness and value of pictorial repertoires that have remained outside of the acclaim of the Western art world and yet play a significant role in children's lives (Kindler, 1999). In addition to
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