• The pretzel-like yoga move we’re doing really hurts. --> This really hurts. • What is the strange, polka-dotted, Sasquatch-like creature coming toward us? --> What is that? determiner General and specific determiners Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun phrase. They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general. Determiners are either specific or general Specific determiners: The specific determiners are: •the definite article: the •possessives: my, your, his, her, its; our, their, whose •demonstratives: this, that, these, those •interrogatives: which We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to: Can you pass me the salt please? Look at those lovely flowers. Thank you very much for your letter. Whose coat is this? General determiners: The general determiners are: •a; an; any; another; other; what
(NOT Please explain me what you want.) Can you suggest a good restaurant to us? (NOT Can you suggest us a good restaurant?) 98. Work is an uncountable noun. I'm looking for work. (NOT I'm looking for a work.) My brother has found a new job. (NOT My brother has found a new work.) 99. Be careful of the word order in negative infinitives. It's important not to work too hard. (NOT It's important to not work too hard.) I asked her not to make so much noise. 100. Possessives replace articles. We stayed in John's house at the weekend. (NOT We stayed in the John's house at the weekend.) She's been studying Britain's foreign policy since 1980. (NOT She's been studying the Britain's foreign policy since 1980.)
A spider has eight legs. Spiders have eight legs. I'd like a cup of coffee. I'd like some chips. · A/an can mean 'a particular one'. If you don't say exactly who or which. In the plural we use some or no article. A man called while you were out. Some men called. John married a doctor. They both married doctors. · We don't use a/an with uncountable nouns. · We don't use a/an with possessives. · After kind of or sort of, a/an is usually dropped. · In exclamations with what, a/an is not dropped. (e.g. What a pity!) · A/an usually comes after quite, rather and such. (Quite/rather/such a nice day) · Descriptions: He's got a long nose. She's got an interesting face. · Note that hair is singular, and has no article. She's got dark hair. · The means 'you know which one(s) I mean'
(how would you go about completing the formula, "The = def . . . "?), Russell offers a recipe for paraphrasing standard types of whole sentence containing "the," in such a way as to exhibit the role of "the" indirectly, and to reveal what he called the sentences' "logical forms." (He does not here treat plural uses of "the," or the generic use as in "The whale is a mammal." Notice that definite descriptions can be formed without use of "the," for example by way of possessives, as in "my brother" or "Doris' egg salad sandwich," though perhaps we might paraphrase those along the lines of "the brother of me.") Here is Russell's contextual definition of "the." Let us take a paradigmatic sentence, of the form "The F is G." (5) The author of Waverley was Scotch.4 (5) appears to be a simple subjectpredicate sentence, referring to an individual (Sir Walter Scott) and predicating something (Scottishness) of him. But appearances are deceiving, Russell says
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