● Also founded in Iceland Distribution of tundra swan ● Difficult to differentiate ● Breeds in the Arctic, subarctic tundra ● Inhabit – shallow pools, lakes and rivers ● Migratory birds ● The breeding range extends across the coastal lowlands of Siberia to the Pacific ● Start to arrive around mid-May, leave for winter the end of September Ecology of tundra swans ● In summer – aquatic vegetation – mannagrass, pondweeds, marine eelgrass ● Also eat some grass on dry land, leftover grains and oteher crops ● Breeding season – tend to be territorial and agressive ● Few natural predators – brown bears, foxes Reproduction ● Mate in the late springs ● Pair monogamously until one partner dies ● Nesting season starts at the end of the May ● The pair build the large mound-shaped nest from plant material at an elevant site near open water
diversity are a clear evidence of the eutrophication of the lake during the last decades. However, the high carbonate content of water protects the lake against acid rains. Due to the prevalence of western winds, the reed belt is continuous and lush on the sheltered western shore and broken at the open eastern one. The narrow southern end, especially beginning from Pähksaar Island is totally overgrown with yellow and white lilies, pondweeds, arrowhead, bulrush, and other water plants. The amount of planktonic algae can reach 30g per cubic metre, with blue- green algae prevailing in summer. Water is turbid, yellowish-green or greenish yellow, with a transparency of about 1m. Mud particles stirred up by the wave action contribute to turbidity. The zooplankton of the lake consists of smaller animals building up the summer biomass. The amount
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