Introducing Red Grouse Scoticus(Lagopus Lagopus scotica ) Evelyn Landing Red grouse scoticus: medium-sized bird found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland usually classified as a subspecies of the Willow Ptarmigan but is sometimes considered to be a separate species moorfowl or moorbird Description plumage being reddish brown, and not having a white winter plumage tail is black and the legs are white white stripes on the underwing red combs over the eye young birds are duller and lack the red combs Habitat Red Grouse is endemic to the British Isles The British population is estimated at about 250,000 pairs with around 15,000 pairs in Ireland Pretators like Hen Harrier, foxes and sometimes dogs hunt them. What they eat? The Red Grouse is herbivorous and feeds
Spring March, April, May Wild areas may still be cold and muddy Animals start emerging from their hibernation Plants start blooming Sun and showers Summer Plants and animals start breeding Warm weathers The landscapes are covered with flowers Warm rain The average temperature ranges from 10 0C 150C Britain's highest temperature recorded is 38.5°C in August 2003 Autumn Birds are returning after migrating from the north Birds start growing their winter plumage. Many flowers fade Trees reveal their autumn colours It rains more often Winter Animals start hibernating Flowers are rare Not much snow because of the Gulf Stream The average temperature ranges from 0 0C 5 0C; The lowest temperature recorded is -27.2°C in 1895 Flora Plants usually withstand long periods of dry weather. Many garden flowers will grow with little or no fertilizer. There are at least 1500 different species of wildflower in the UK The national flower of England is the rose.
Last but not least, oil and oil products are also playing a big role in marine pollution. In the authors opinion the most dramatic inputs of oil result from accidents. Aniansson points out that such incidents cause widespread damage because wind and currents carry the oil away from the scene in a short term. Oil and oil products that are not completely insoluble in water cause serious damage to birds as the become oiled, making their plumage usless as thermal insulation and causing hypothermia which leads to death.
black (as opposed to the black/orange bill in females). Mallard has a white collar which demarcates the head from the purple-tinged brown breast, grey brown wings, and a pale grey belly. The dark tail has white borders. The female Mallard is a mottled light brown and has buff cheeks, eyebrow, throat and neck with a darker crown and eye-stripe. Both the female and male mallards have distinct purple spectulum edged with white, prominent in flight or at rest. Upon hatching, the plumage coloring of the duckling is yellow on the underside and face (with streaks by the eyes) and black on the backside (with some yellow spots) all the way to the top and back of the head. The Mallard is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, North America from southern and central Alaska to Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands, and across Eurasia, from Iceland and southern Greenland and parts of Morocco in the west, Scandinavia to the north, and to Siberia, Japan, and China in the east
the duration of oil exposure as well as the degree of other stresses. The waters over most reefs are shallow and turbulent, and few clean-up techniques can be recommended. Birds which congregate in large numbers on the sea or shorelines to breed, feed or moult are particularly vulnerable to oil pollution. Although oil ingested by birds during preening may be lethal, the most common cause of death is from drowning, starvation and loss of body heat following damage to the plumage by oil. Impact of oil on fisheries and mariculture An oil spill can directly damage the boats and gear used for catching or cultivating marine species. Floating equipment and fixed traps extending above the sea surface are more likely to become contaminated by floating oil whereas submerged nets, pots, lines and bottom trawls are usually well protected, provided they are not lifted through an oily sea surface.
vigorous (A) hazardous (A) dominant (B) rigid (B) convenient (C) commonplace (C) uniform (D) intolerable (D) strong TEST QUESTIONS Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase. 1. Because much collective behavior is dramatic and unpredictable, theories of such behavior are more evaluative than analytic. (A) hazardous (B) unexpected (C) terrifying (D) emotional 2. In contrast to their springtime nuptial plumage, ninny songbirds revert to a drab plumage during the winter. (A) sensitive (B) elaborate (C) different (D) colorless 3. A seed is dormant at the time it is shed by its parent. (A) primed (B) inactive (C) minuscule (D) harvested 4. The newspaper trip and the comic book represent the dominant graphic mythology of the twentieth century. (A) major (B) magical (C) familiar (D) routine 5. The vast majority of animals exhibit a distinct symmetrical form. (A) definite (B) superficial (C) familiar
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