e.g I beg your pudding (instead of pardon). Unusual shortenings, e.g to give bacon and e. (eggs), He k.n (knocked) at the door. Phrasal verbs are more expressive than their one-word counterparts and they sound colloquial, e.g to give in (colloquial), to surrender (neutral), turn-up vs to be late Nouns converted from these verbs are even more expressive and colloquial e.g a pin-up (magazine), a walk-up (six-storey houses, no elevator in these). Phonostylistics Phonostylistics studies phonetic features which are at the speaker's writer's disposal to emphasize words or the whole utterance. The phonetic arrangement of the utterance does not exist by itself- it is iseparably connected with the meaning and message. Phonetically we distinguish between prosodic means and what may be termed as orchestration of sounds. Prosodic means Include such phenomena of speech as loudness, diapason (pitch), acceleration or slowing
Connotation Euphemism Vulgarisms Inherent Personification Professional w. Adherent Bathos Dialectal w. Phonestheme Allusion Rhythm Expressive means Quotation Foot Stylistic devices Epigram Metre: Phonostylistics PU, deformed PU Iambus Phonetic. expr. means Synonymic repetition Trochee Prosody Lexical repetition Anapaest Orchestration Syntactic SD Dactyl Euphony Ellipsis Amphibrach Phonetic SD Aposiopesis Spondee
· Rhymy slang (wife-joy of life) · Distorted words are humorous. Proper understanding is based on fixed context (I beg your pudding) · Unusual shortenings are also humorous (bacon and e [eggs]) · Phrasal verbs being colloquial become even more expressive and colloquial when they appear as nouns (a walk-up--house with no elevator) 6. Phonetic expressive means Every work of literature is a certain sequence of sounds. Phonostylistics studies phonetic features at the speaker's or writer's disposal to emphasize words. The phonetic arrangement is inseparably linked with the meaning and message. Phonetically we distinguish between prosodic means and orchestration of sounds. Prosodic means include such phenomena of speech as loudness, pitch, acceleration or slowing down the tempo, pausation, stress and intonation. In this respect, the written text is far from perfect. Much of it can be pronounced differently and so understood
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