(Saintsbury, Bally, Marouseau, Aronstein, Deutchbein) 50s, 60s--rapid growth of interest in stylistics. Various conferences--USA 1958, Poland 1960 70s, 80s--methods of structural linguistics became very popular (counting words etc.) Present day--the use of computers has given stylistics a more exact basis. It seems quite promising--it allows the scientists study the influence of one author on another. Stylistics is a vigorous young science with a lot of prospect. 2. Inherent connotations. Phonesthemes Denotation--proper meaning Connotation--additional shade of meaning, also called overtone, colouring Words may convey emotional or expressive overtones (gorgeous, okay), or tey may render evaluation (famous, notorious) Inherent connotation--we are dealing with inherent con. When the additional shade of meaning is always present when the word is used, it is a permanent part of the meaning of a word. Inherent connotation may:
e.g big vs tremendeous (emotional difference), interesting vs amazing, good vs marvellous Such words are emotionally coloured/ charged. The expressive use of language depends on the ability to choose the proper word among those that mean the same thing. The scholar R.M.Eastman illustrates this point : ,,You might speak of a fragrance of a certain perfume if you liked it, of it's reek (hais) if you didn't or simply odor if you didn't care." Phonesthemes A type of inherent connotation. A repeatedly used combination of sound that has more or less clearly perceived meaning, but it's not a morpheme, such as filite, flimsy, flippant. These words have suggested the idea of lightness, airyness, even grace with the implication of insecurity, instability e.g slow, slubbish, sloppy. The phonestheme here is sl meaning of inactivity, slowness. Spry, sprag..(ei loe välja), springy. Spr suggests the idea of energetic brisk, lively motion.
Ladusseva "Rhythm and Text" - I. Ladusseva "Vocabulary and Style" - I. Ladusseva "Stylistic practice: Book I, Book II" - I. Ladusseva "A Guide to Punctuation" EXAMINATION TOPICS: 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies 2. Inherent connotations. Phonesthemes Use lecture notes 3. Adherent connotations 4. Stylistic morphology: articles, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, number * 5. Expressiveness on the level of word-building 6. Phonetic expressive means Study independen tly 7. Phonetic SD ("Rhythm And Style") 8. Lexical SD*
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