political/military/judicial/religious system continued virtually unchanged. The degree of local autonomy exercised by different bodies and officials varied greatly but the distances involved between Madrid and Mexico City and within New Spain itself ensured a considerable degree of freedom of action for individuals should they chose to exercise it. Socially, the population of New Spain was stratified into four main groupings. At the top of the social pyramid were the peninsulares: European born Spaniards. Next were the criollos: Spaniards who had been born in New Spain. Next were the mestizos: people who had mixed Spanish and native parentage. At the bottom were the indigenous peoples. From Madrid's point of view, New Spain was important as a source of valuable resources, primarily silver, from which the crown took its "royal fifth." The individual soldiers that conquered New Spain sought personal
Spanish-speaking countries In regions that were formerly colonies of Spain, the Spanish word criollo historically referred to class of the colonial caste system, comprising people born in the colonies with unmixed Spanish descent. People with at most 1/8th of Amerindian ancestry, were also considered criollos; but this rule did not apply to black African ancestry. The criollos ranked strictly lower than Spanish-born peninsulares (literally "born in the Iberian Peninsula"), who occupied the top military, administrative, and religious offices in the colonies. The word criollo is a similar of English Creole, and often translated by it; even though many other Creole peoples never were historically connected to Spain or to the colonial system, and were never defined in terms of racial purity. Spanish America The racially-based caste system was in force throughout the Spanish colonies in the
Diferenciamos entre el acento istmeño, que agrupa a los acentos de Panamá, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras y El Salvador; y el género propiamente norteamericano, y que agrupa a los acentos de México, Guatemala y EEUU. Acento Castellano ● Propio de algunas zonas de Castilla y León, en torno a la ciudad de Valladolid. ● Para distinguir entre América y España, mejor acento continental y acento atlántico, o simplemente acentos peninsulares. La instrucción y la variedad ● Importante: a mayor grado de instrucción del hablante (dimensión diastrática), menor variación diatópica fonética (y léxica, sintáctica, etc.) a mayor grado de instrucción del hablante, mayor capacidad de variación diafásica.
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