located near the kidney. It produces and secretes several hormones* (corticosteroids) e.g. cortisol. It is implicated in stress response. ADRENAL MEDULLA - The centre of the adrenal, a small endocrine gland located near the kidney. It produces and secretes noradrenaline and adrenaline for the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It is implicated in stress response. AFFERENT – Carrying information towards a particular group of neurones (compare efferent*). AGONIST – A neurotransmitter or a drug which binds to a receptor and triggers a cascade of intracellular signalling leading to changes in the membrane potential. AMINO ACID – A chemical made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, which is a building unit of all proteins* and other biologically important substances. AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS – A group of fast acting neurotransmitters* which includes glutamate (excitatory) and GABA (gamma-amino
treat/cure for, Alzheimer’s disease; treat/cure for, Parkinson’s disease; treat paraplegics/repair injury to, nerves/spinal cord; treat, genetic disorders affecting nerves/Huntington’s/Tay Sachs/Lou Gehrig’s; treat multiple sclerosis/motor neurone disease; AVP; eg. stroke/brain damage/retinal repair AVP; must be relevant to use of blood cells or neurones 2 max [3] 27. (i) indicates the range of results; on either side of the mean; indicates, variability/(standard) deviation/(standard) error; indicates if data sets significantly different; 2 max (ii) no/small, increase/figs. quoted; lag phase;
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