Third level Third level Fourth level Fourth level Fifth level Fifth level INCORPORATION OF KARELIA TO NOVGOROD REALM Loose Alliances from 1100 till As Part of Novgorod and (from 12271290 1478) Muscovy Novgorod supports spreading of 1311 Campaign to Tavastia, destruction Orthodox Christianity in Karelia of Vanaja 1187 Karelians sail to Sweden with 1318 Turku/Åbo Kustö Bishop's castle Estonians to destroy Sigtuna burned Attack to Tavastia 1227 as well as Uprise of Käkisalmi 1337, last known serious challenge of Novgorod forceful "Christianization 1360 Stone Fortress in Käkisalmi
On the territories of modern Belarus and Ukraine emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian. They became distinct since the 13th century, i.e. following the division of that land between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland and Hungary in the west and independent Novgorod and Pskov feudal republics plus numerous small duchies (which came to be vassals of the Tatars) in the east. The official language in Moscow and Novgorod, and later, in the growing Muscovy, was Church Slavonic, which evolved from Old Church Slavonic and remained the literary language for centuries, until the Petrine age, when its usage became limited to biblical and liturgical texts. Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17th century; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. The political reforms of Peter the Great ( , Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by
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