generalisations about metaphor cross-linguistically, and some people regard metaphor as a central feature of what makes language language (see e.g. Lakoff 1987). However, in any individual case metaphorical extensions are fairly unpredictable and often understandable only once you already know what they mean (e.g. the bonnet of a car). Sometime new words are formed by clipping, cutting off part of an existing word or phrase. This often happens if a word has (or appears to have) an internal morphemic structure that suggests a place to cut (e.g. burger from hamburger or kiwi from kiwi fruit), and especially when a long uncommon word becomes (for one reason or another) more common. A very recent example in Italian is super from supermercato `supermarket'. In all languages there is a rough correlation between the frequency of a word and its length; this is known as Zipf's Law (see Crystal 1987). In languages with widespread literacy, other means of forming new words are based on the
(nt, ööbik-nighttingale, knight ja singer). Time goes, motivation shanges. If motivation is not clear, people try to give their own explanation. Folk etymology-when motivation is not clear, people give their own explanation to a certain extent. It is folk etmymology. It happenes to borrowed words most often (nt, french etiquette quite the ticket, meaning proper, polite). To understand the mot of a word, we must know its history . 5. Morphemes, allomorphs. Types of morphemic segnetability. Morphemes are the smallest lexical units (can not divide). They make up words. Morphemes have a certain meaning. (nt, pre preplain, preview; less waterless; hood brotherhood). Some morphemes have diff sounds(nt, please, pleasure, pleasant). They are variants of the same morpheme or allomorph. Types: segmentable those we can divide into morphemes (nt, hero- ic; happy ness). Non- segmentable- cannot divide any further (nt, luck, hand, smile).
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