doubled they differ only in length. Diphthongs. Diphthong - is a double vowel sound which includes a glide from one vowel sound to another. In English diphthongs the first vowel sound is more intense than the last vowel sound, in Estonian the other way around. Centring diphthongs end with a central vowel, the glide is towards . Closing diphthongs end with a closed vowel, the glide is towards ý and . English vowels: a vowel is longest in an open syllable and in monosyllabic words (sea, speed) a vowel is next longest in a syllable closed with a voiced consonant and in two-syllable words (seed, speedy) a vowel is shortest in a syllable closed with an unvoiced consonant and in words with more than two syllables (seat; speedily). Stop Consonants (Plosives). A stop (or plosive) - is a consonant articulation which stops the airflow in the vocal tract completely, the air cannot escape through the mouth. When the articulators
7 % o Other Germanic languages 4.2 % o Other languages 2.3 % The core vocabulary is predominantly Germanic (the, I, you, etc.) Only 4 of the top-ranked one hundred words in the Brown Corpus are of foreign origin. o 64 state o 81 use v (Old French) o 93 people (Anglo-Norman, > Old French) o 100 just (> Old French) Core vocabulary and syllable structure: o 93 of the first one hundred words in the Brown Corpus are monosyllabic, and the remaining have two syllables (only, about, other, also, many even people) Core vocabulary – often short (monosyllabic) words of Germanic and Old Norse origin. 3. Native and foreign element. The native vocabulary has 3 strata Indo-European words - names of close relatives, names of natural objects, parts of the body, numerals. o Mother, father, night, foot, heart, bear (bore, born), see Germanic words
English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan language 4) Modern English – 500,000 words (OED) At present at least 1 billion lexical units 2. Core and periphery Core vocabulary – often short (monosyllabic) words of Germanic and Old Norse origin = ie core vocabulary of most frequent words, and vague fuzzy peripherial words. Core meaning is the meaning which is at the centre of the word.periphery – vague. Formal usage (often polysyllabic words) from Norman French (rank, courtliness,refinement). Learning, science, abstraction: Latin, and Greek. The core vocabulary is predominantly Germanic (the, I, you, etc.) Only 4 of the topranked one hundred words in the Brown
· Nagu iga kirjas¨usteemi arengus on kanji ajaloos kui protsessis kaks vastaspidist j~oudu: hajutav ja korrastav. 20. sajand on toiminud p~ohiosas normeerivalt ja `korrastavalt', kuid oleks vale arvata, et ¨ksnes samasuunaline liikumine j¨atkub ka edaspidi.24 u 1.1.3 Kanji m¨ arkide foneetikast Hiina keel on silpkeel (monosyllabic), kus silbid on iseseisvaiks t¨ahenduse kandjaiks.25 Homofoonide rohkuse t~ottu on silpkeele alfabeeti- line kirjutamine, erinevalt mitmesilbilistest keeltest, u ¨sna v~oimatu. Igale
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