Near-synonym- nearly similar meaning Cognitive-nt I´m firm, you are subbourn 18) antonyms Opposite meaning. Contrary antonyms- gradable. Long-short Complementary- ungradable. Dead-alive Converse antonyms- relational by/sell, lend/ borrow 19) hypernyms and hyponyms Hyponym- a word phrase or lexeme of narrower or mre specific meaning that comes under another- a wider or more general meaning. A rose is a hyponym but a flower is a hypernym. 20) Meronym Semantic realtion used in linguistic. Meronymy means a part of a whole. Tree/forest, finger/hand 21) syntagmatic relation Complete lingustic unit- relation between complex object and their parts, or between the prts of these objects and other parts. First of all- immediant dominance: X'', X'. Second linear precedence: subject < verb. Third: sentence functions: subject, object, indirect object.... . fourth government relations: head, odifies, complement. Fifth: binding relations i saw John, when he came in. 22) collocations
the same meaning. e.g. male masculine Opposites (antonyms) words with opposite meanings, e.g. long-short, dead-alive, buy- sell Hyponyms a word phrase or lexeme of narrower or more specific meaning that comes under another- a wider or more general meaning. A rose is a hyponym but a flower is a hypernym. Hypernyms (hyperonyms) a word phrase or lexeme of wider or less specific meaning. Meronyms Semantic relation used in linguistics. Meronymy means a part of a whole. Tree/forest, finger/hand Holonyms Holonymy defines the relationship between a term denoting the whole and a term denoting a part of, or a member of, the whole. Collocations Sequence of words or terms which co-occur ore often than words be expected by chance. There are 14 types of collocations. Types of collocations 1) adjective and noun bright/harsh light 2) quantifier and noun - a beam/ray of light 3) verb and noun - cast light
another wider or more general meaning”. • rose and flower ‘rose is a flower’ • rose – hyponym • flower – hyperonym The same word (i.e. its different senses) may be a hyponym of several superodinates: axe (kindof tool but also kind of weapon) Co-hyponyms – a group of hyponyms of a hyperonym • chair, desk, table, stool – co-hyponyms • furniture – hyperonym Meronymy (partonymy) and holonymy • Part-whole relation • meronym – ‘part of’ • trunk, branch – meronyms • tree – holonym Subtypes of meronymy central type (component of integral object) 1) member – collection tree / forest; card / deck 2) portion – mass slice / pie; grain / salt 3) stuff – objekt gin / martini; steel / bicycle 4) feature – activity paying / shopping; dating / adolescence
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