specific dimensions of corporate performance aiming to identifying and catching up with best practice: ○ Information-gathering – manufacturing, patents, technology, organisation, product development, R&D, customer- facing (service, marketing and sales, logistics) ○ Learning and imitation – independent R&D, reverse engineering and licencing ● Appropriating the benefits of investment in technology: ○ Capacity to translate technological advantage into commercially viable products and processes (commitment of complementary assets in production and marketing) ○ Capacity to defend advantage against imitators (patent protection) Sectoral system of innovation: definition, types
18th C, London cultural mecca of the Augustan age, great urban development, the city of enlightenment, scientific revolution. Cultural efforescence linked with remarkable economic and financial boom (ordinary people better off). Emergence of professional writer (A.Pope) -> because there was audience like never before („middling sort” – merchant and professional classes). New cultural activity thanks to: paper, printers, publishers, engravers, printsellers. In 1695 lapse of Licencing Act, censorship ceased, Stationers’ Company lost its monopoly. By the 1720 publishing industry scatterd through the city. Provincial press also expanded. Thus, emergence of magazines (the Tatler, the Spectator – foundation stones of early georgian cultural attitudes, then Gentleman’s Magazine, Universal Magazine), journals (Connoisseur, Critical review), everywhere newspapers came into being. Publishing explosion released a flood of prints, trade cards, illustrated books
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