winter. More moderate temperatures are the norm in spring and fall. Summers can be hot and dry on the prairies, humid in central Canada, and milder on the coasts. Spring is generally pleasant across the country. Autumns are often crisp and cool, but brightened by rich orange and red leaves on trees. Winters are generally cold with periods of snow, although southern Alberta enjoys the occasional "Chinook", a warm dry wind from the Rocky Mountains that gusts through and melts the snow. Winters are mild and wet on the west coast, in cities such as Vancouver and Victoria. Territories and provinces Canada consists of 3 territories and 10 provinces. Very few people live in the territories, but it has more power on deciding important questions. Newest territoy is Nunawut, it became a territory in 1999. It was created from the eastern part od North- West territories. Quebec and Ontario are the biggest provinces
aircraft. Unless explained otherwise, is not the only load factor important in fully LISTEN to possible "crackling" the load factor refers to the "limit" flight. Just as important, especially in sounds close to these junctions. load, as expected during the normal sailplanes, which must seek vertical Many modern two-part wings use the operation of the aircraft when pulling gusts, is the so-called gust load fac- so-called fork-and-tongue spar junc- it up suddenly at the prescribed tor. In a majority of light amateur built tions. Figure 3(a) shows the metal maneuvering speed. The FAA has sport planes, the gust load factor is, (French Cricket) and 3(b) the compos- categorized load factors as follows: however, often less than the maneu- ite (wood?) solution. Wings of this 3.8 (normal category), 4.4 (utility), 5
His first masterpiece was the Niagara Suspension Bridge, with a span of 821ft (250m) on the Grand Trunk Railway below Niagara Falls. The two decks, the upper for the railway and the lower for common road service, were separated by an 18ft (6m) stiffening truss. In addition, the truss was braced with radiating cable stays inclined from the tops of the suspension towers and anchoring cables tying the deck to the sides of the gorge, arresting any tendency to lift under gusts of wind. For the four main cables, Roebling used parallel wires laid up in place but, instead of individual strands like the "garland" system preferred by the French, he bunched the strands together in a single large cable and wrapped them with wire, a technique he patented in 1841 but one that Vicat had illustrated in 1831 in his Rapport sur les ponts en fil de fer sur le Rhône. Few bridges in the world built since the Brooklyn Bridge in New York (USA) can stand entirely clear of its shadow
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