chronicle and with the group of translations made or inspired by the king himself. However, the best of Anglo-Saxon prose was produced a century later by the monks Wulfstan and Ælric, who left a large number of writings devoted to the exposition of Christian faith. That includes homilies and Saint's Lives. It is now believed that these monks were responsible for developing the form of written English known as Late West Saxon. Ælric was a grammarian, he wrote the first Latin grammar in English. One of the main characteristics is immediacy. 4. The medieval and eliz. world picture. The Elizabethan age was the age of the renaissance, but the Elizabethans were much closer to a medieval way of thinking. Above all earthly and cosmic laws or orders there is Law in general. The divine reason is beyond our understanding, yet we know it's there. God's law is eternal. St
•Grammatika oli seega keskaegse hariduse alustala, nii vaba kunstina kui vajadusena ladina keelt kasutada. •Säilinud ladina grammatikatest (on ka värsivormis grammatikaid!) paistab, et tegelikult õpetatav keel oli ikkagi tolleaegne teadusladina keel, mitte enam klassikaline ladina keel. •Hiliskeskajal (umb. alates 1100) hakkab tekkima ka muude keelte grammatikaid (iiri, kõmri, provansi, islandi). •Islandi keele grammatikas (nn First Grammarian), mille eesmärk oli eelkõige kirjaviisi loomine ladina tähestiku baasil, nt küllaltki selgelt foneemi käsitlus, mis sarnaneb 20. saj Praha fonoloogide omale (allofoone pole tarvis kirjas märkida, selgituseks kasutab minimaalpaare jms) •Keeleteaduslik teooria arenes eelkõige nn skolastilisel perioodil, umbes 1100-1500. •Praktiliste ladina keele grammatikate kõrvale tekkisid nn spekulatiivsed grammatikad (nimetati ka
was Twain, "they" being the very same person. Russell's Theory of Descriptions Russell initially posed the four puzzles in terms of definite descriptions rather than proper names, because he was interested in the logic of the word "the." ("It may be thought excessive to devote two chapters [of his Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy] to one word, but to the philosophical mathemati- cian it is a word of very great importance: like Browning's grammarian with the enclitic , I would give the doctrine of this word if I were `dead from the waist down' and not merely in a prison"3 (1919/1971: 167).) Definite descriptions 13 Not too surprisingly, Russell argued on the basis of the puzzles that definite descriptions do have and contribute meanings that go beyond their referents alone. His Theory of Descriptions, as it has since been called and capitalized,
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