TOXICOKINETICS The toxicokinetics of formaldehyde after inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure has been reported in several species by many investigators. The toxicokinetics in all of the animals studied is similar across species lines. Formaldehyde is an essential metabolic intermediate in all cells. It is produced during the normal metabolism of serine, glycine, methionine, and choline and also by the demethylation of N-, S-, and O-methyl compounds. After oxidation of formaldehyde to formate, the carbon atom is further oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) or incorporated into purines, thymidine, and amino acids via tetrahydrofolatedependent one-carbon biosynthetic pathways. Exogenous formaldehyde appears to be readily absorbed from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but poorly absorbed following dermal application. Formaldehyde is metabolized to formate by the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase; this appears to take place at the initial site of contact. Being
4 GAP 0 0 0 5 Dihydroxyacetone-P 0 0 0 6 GBP 0 0 0 7 3PG 0 0 0 8 PEP 0 0 0 9 PYR 0 0 0 10 Lactate 0 0 0 11 Ace-CoA 0 0 0 12 Acetyl-P 0 0 0 13 Acetate 0 0 0 14 Acetaldehyde 0 0 0 15 Ethanol 0 0 0 16 Formate 0 0 0 17 OXA 0 0 0 18 2KG 0 0 0 19 Gluc-1,5-lactone-6P 0 0 0 20 6P-Gluconate 0 0 0 21 Ru-5P 0 0 0 22 R5P 0 0 0 23 X5P 0 0 0 24 S7P 0 0 0 25 E4P 0 0 0 V1 V2 V3 1 G6P 1 -1 0
Toldrá. the room. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing. Comaposada, J., J. Arnau, M. Garriga, M. Xargayó, L. The water loss can be measured simply by Freixanet, J. Bernardo, M. Corominas, P. Gou, J. the (eventually continuous) weighing of Lagares, and J. M. Monfort. 2008. Verfahren unter- some of the product units in the room. This stützt trendorientierte Formate. Fleischwirtschaft 10:34–38. can be solved by weighing devices mounted Gou, P., J. Comaposada, and J. Arnau. 2004. Moisture on the drying frames. diffusivity in the lean tissue of dry-cured ham at dif- ferent process times. Meat Science 67:203. Hamm, R. 1972. Kolloidchemie des Fleisches. Berlin
annaabi.ee 
