affiliations. Many supporters of Turkish nationalist and secular parties fear that it is precisely the religious fundamentalists who would be given free rein should the military, as a result of EU pressure, be forced to withdraw completely from politics. They are wary of demands by the European Parliament that Turkey should adopt a "more relaxed position" towards Islam in particular and religion in general. Other groups, too, such as emancipated young woman, atheists and gays, distrust the current government of the moderately religious AK Party, and expect that, at any moment, it will show its "true anti-secularist" colours (Zürcher, E.J., Linden, H., 2004). Examples from Dutch, European and Turkish contexts reveal a huge gulf between the broad public debate on "Islam" and Muslim fundamentalism, on the one hand, and the discussion among European experts and academics on the authoritarian-
emotionality. the true aristocrats - the anglomaniacs, westernists, the ,,Pechorin types". Larding their chatter with foreign phrases typical to the gentry.. e destruction of patriarchal and monarchical illusion Religion allied with feudalism, odd aristocratic sentimentality, Bucolic life. 3 The love-story between the peasant and the landlord symbolises an underlying problem of the society on the eve of Emancipation in 1861 (the serfs were emancipated by royal decree in 1861, novel set in 1959). Such a relationship between landowner and peasant girl takes the reader further into ideology, calling to mind the social scene in Russia on the eve of Emancipation. Some (contemporary) critics found this illegal affair as proof of the weak morals of the gentry despite their high ideals and ideologies of class. As Nikolai is initially ashamed of his affair and illegitimate son, offering to hide Fenichka while Bazarovs stays, he
...................................................................................................................12 Introduction I chose this theme because I am really into all kinds of different cultures. What most exited me in this theme was that I had absolutely no idea who creoles were. Now I now that there were three general groups that made up Creole society: 1) whites who were Creoles, Americans, and inhabitants of European origin made up the highest class; 2) free Blacks, emancipated slaves and their descendants made up the middle class; and 3) slaves who were household property, were the lowest class. The Creoles were the majority of the white population. They had a complex social organization, which included foreign groups such as Germans, Irish, and Spaniards whose names were given a French accent. The people who could trace their noble ancestors called themselves "Creole." Others were "chacas" or tradesmen, "chacalatas" or country folk (peasants), or "chacumas" for
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