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Digital - to-Analog Converters 27 ending up with a final result of 12710 (7F16). The actual voltage at the end of the conversion is 2.8v, corresponding to a code of 14310 (8F16). The final code out of the ADC (127d) corresponds to a voltage of 2.48V. This is neither the starting voltage (2.3v) nor the ending voltage (2.8v). This example used a relatively fast input to show the effect; a slowly changing input has the same effect, but the error will be smaller.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 39 A typical ADC using I2C is the Philips PCF8591. This part includes both an ADC and a DAC. Like many I2C devices, the 8591 has three pins: A0, A1, and A2. These can be connected to either “1” or “0” to select which address the device responds to. When the peripheral address is decoded, the PCF8591 will respond to address 1001xxx, where xxx matches the value of the A2, A1, and A0 pins.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 25 If the converter shown in Figure 2.7 were a 0–5v converter, converting a 3.1v input, then the conversion would look like this: Upper flash converter output = 9 DAC output = 2.8125 v (9 ¥ 16 ¥ 19.53 mv ) Subtracter output = 3.1v - 2.8125v = .2875v Lower flash converter output = E(hex) Final result = 9E (hex), 158 (decimal)
Depending on whether the H-bridge logic sees this condition as logical “1” or “0,” it can turn on both sides of the bridge and cause shoot-through. Be sure everything comes up in a safe condition and add pullups to the port pins if necessary.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 33 cycle (the time that -RD is low) must be at least as long as the access time of the MAX151, plus the processor data setup time, plus any bus buffer delays.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 29 can be configured so that this 10v range is either 0 to 10v or -5v to +5v, using one pin. Of course, the device needs a negative voltage supply.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 41 Vin ¥ 256 3.2v ¥ 256 Result = = = 16310 = A316 Vref 5v However, the result is dependent on the value of the 5v supply.
Dual - Slope (Integrating) ADC A dual-slope converter (Figure 2.4) uses an integrator followed by a com- parator, followed by counting logic.
Dependent on the range of what we are measuring (temperature, voltage, light intensity, pressure, etc.) and not on a specific voltage range.
Depending on system characteristics, the overshoot may be small or zero, and the oscillation may die out as the system settles on one value.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 35 Figure 2.13 Interfacing to a clocked microprocessor bus.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 17 The DAC input is connected to the counter output.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 31 Figure 2.11 Maxim MAX151 interface.
Detailide tugevus - jäikus-, täpsus-, töökindlus- ja muud arvutused.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 15 Figure 2.2 Simple ADC.
Digital - to-Analog Converters 19 256 comparators.
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