There are different squares: adjustable square, which consists of three parts with screw hinge, centering square and flange square. Feeler Gauges are used to measure distances or clearances between two surfaces. They are usually made of hardened steel and provided with conical blades. The length of blades is 100 mm. The number stamped on each blade is the thickness of that particular blade in thousandths of an inch. Radius Gauges are concave and convex gauges for checking raised and recessed curvatures forming part of a circle. Screw Pitch Gauge can be used if there is any doubt as to the number of threads on a bolt, screw, nut, etc. Each blade of finger is stamped with the number of threads cut on it. It may be used either for external and internal measurements. Vernier Calipers are used for measuring diameters, lengths, depths, and distances. They are usually made of stainless steel, hardened throughout. The two common types of calipers are inside calipers and outside calipers
have a high density of reinforcement and complex deck and abutment shapes, which makes the modelling more difficult and time consuming than for simpler structures. In most common reinforced concrete structures, building elements such as beams, columns and foundations are sufficiently standard in shape and reinforcement details to allow the use of parametric objects and rebar layouts that greatly accelerate modeling; bridge elements have unique geometries due to curvatures, which often require that they, and their reinforcement layouts, be 'custom' modeled. Nevertheless, although the modelling effort was carried by WPS, all project participants benefitted from it. WPS were required to produce rebar detail drawings in any event, as this was still a contractual obligation imposed by the client (for archival purposes and for the use of rebar installers in the field), and the drawings were produced directly from the model.
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