of soil enzymes and the number and activities of soil micro organisms. Deposited waste of dumps as an ecological factor changes the chemical composition, microflora and enzyme activity of soils. Agriculture and fertilisation of soil is another mojor game changer for the microflora of soil. Canbolat et al. (2007) state in their research that microbial biomass appeared to increase with both mineral fertilization and bacterial inoculation, whereas the microbial community structure (total culturable bacteria and fungi) changed consistently according to the treatments applied. As another example, Lipsa (2011) claimes that his results show that the compost applied on maize fields has in general, a positive influence on soil microflora structure and biological activity, which can be compared with the mineral elements influence. Furthermore, with the same research on maiz, he states that the highest number of microorganisms/g soil
20. Gigliarelli L, Lucentini L, Palomba A, Sgaravizzi G, Lancioni H, et al. (2008) Ef annexin. Develop Growth Differ 47: 243253. Applications of PCR-RFLPs for differentiating two freshwater sponges: Ephydatia 33. Simpson TL (1984) The Cell Biology of Sponges. Springer, New York, 662. fluviatilis and Ephydatia mu¨lleri. Hydrobiologia 605: 265269. 34. Enticknap JJ, Kelly M, Peraud O, Hill R (2006) Characterization of a culturable 21. Applied Biosystems (1998) Automated DNA Sequencing Chemistry Guide, alphaproteobacterial symbiont common to many marine sponges and evidence Perkin-Elmer Corp., Foster City, CA. for vertical transmission via sponge larvae. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 3724 22
plantarum, Lb. sakei, Staphylococcus or PFGE, or directly to the isolated microor- carnosus, St. saprophyticus, and St. xylosus ganism. Although this approach provides (Table 9.1). These microorganisms seem to accurate identification at strain level, an be autochthonous in this ecosystem and have equally important part of the microbiota, the capacity to prevail during fermentation. namely the viable but not culturable fraction, The competitiveness of Lb. sakei has been Table 9.1. Microbial diversity in spontaneously fermented sausages throughout the world Species Origin of spontaneously Identification approach fermented sausages Lb. alimentarius Greece Sequencing of 16S-rRNA gene5 Hungary PCR-DGGE7 Phenotypic10 Lb
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