(2007). 13 , , 2007 .: ]. 2008 . (), 1 1965 (). , , , . . , . . 2/3 . 40 % . ( ). «» «» (OPEC Reference Basket of crudes) 1 1987 . 2005 «» 2008 13 . , , . 1. Saharan Blend () 2. Minas () 3. Iran Heavy () 4. Basra Light () 5. Kuwait Export () 6. Es Sider () 7. Bonny Light () 8. Qatar Marine (), 9. Arab Light ( ), 10. Murban () 11. BCF 17 () 12. Girassol () 2007 13. Oriente () 16 2007 «» $140,73 , 3 2008 .
1 Chandler blending model 2 3 Monetary inputs Gasoline Heating oil 4 Selling price/barrel $25,00 $20,00 As we have formulated fuel blending model, a barrel of any 5 6 input results in a barrel of output. However, in a real blending Quality level per barrel of crudes 7 Crude oil 1 10 problem, there can be losses. Suppose a barrel of input 8 Crude oil 2 5 results in only a fraction of a barrel of output. Specifically, 9 10 Required quality level per barrel of product each barrel of either curde oil used for gasoline results in
environmental problems and requires less refining to meet sulfur standards imposed on fuels in consuming countries. Each crude oil has unique molecular characteristics which are understood by the use of crude oil assay analysis in petroleum laboratories. Barrels from an area in which the crude oil's molecular characteristics have been determined and the oil has been classified are used as pricing references throughout the world. Some of the common reference crudes are: West Texas Intermediate (WTI), a very high-quality, sweet, light oil delivered at Cushing, Oklahoma for North American oil Brent Blend, comprising 15 oils from fields in the Brent and Ninian systems in the East Shetland Basin of the North Sea. The oil is landed at Sullom Voe terminal in Shetland. Oil production from Europe, Africa and Middle Eastern oil flowing West tends to be priced off this oil, which forms a benchmark
annaabi.ee 
