The heavenly bodies, after all, were composed entirely of aether. Theirs was an organic, living world view rather than our now more familiar mechanical conception. Second, and perhaps of even more importance, medieval man could not understand that the planets or the stars or comets were made of the same stuff as an apple matter. [ aine ] So monumental were his achievements in cosmology, the Scientific Revolution could almost have been called the Copernican Revolution. Born in Poland in 1473, it was the humble astronomer Nicholas Copernicus (14731543) who challenged the geocentrism of Ptolemy with his own heliocentric universe. Ptolemy would never recover neither would the Christian matrix. Copernicus studied mathematics at Cracow and managed to obtain a law degree from Bologna as well. In 1500 he was in Rome where he witnessed a lunar eclipse. The following year he studied medicine at Padua and in 1505 he left Italy for Prussia
7. What does Hume think about the notions of God, the world and the self? Why? Neid pole olemas, kuna olemust pole olemas. 8. According to Hume, what is belief and why is important for life? Uskumus on tunne, „elujuht“, mis võimaldab inimelul eksisteerida, kui see peaks olemas olema. G. Kant 1. What is Kant's philosophy goal? Päästa teadus ja usk Hume’i skeptitsismi käest. 2. Why Kant believes that his philosophy is a Copernican Revolution? Sest tema filosoofia leiab erinevalt varasemast, et mõistus on aktiivne instrument. 3. What are the pure forms of perception and the pure forms of conception? Taju puhtad vormid on aeg ja ruum; kontseptsioonide puhtad vormid on põhimõisted e kategooriad. 4. What is the difference between noumena and phenomena? Noumena ehk „maailm iseeneses“ on maailm sellisena, nagu ta tegelikult on; phenomena ehk „maailm
and universal knowledge we have independent of experience, such as our knowledge of.. 26. For Kant, what is a posteriori knowledge? A posteriori knowledge is the particular knowledge we gain from experience. 27. For Kant, what is synthetic a priori judgement? Why are they important? In a synthetic judgement, the predicate concept contains information not contained in the subject concept, and so is informative. 28. Why Kant believes that his philosophy is a Copernican Revolution? According to Kant the mind of man is not passive but an active organ which molds and coordinates sensations into ideas, an organ which transforms the chaotic multiplicity of experience reported. 29. What are the pure forms of perception? Which are them? From the external world we receive different stimuli. the sense of space, and the sense of time. 30. What are the pure forms of conception? In a second stage, the mind raises
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