TRANSHUMANT GRAZING SYSTEMS IN TEMPERATE ASIA Merlin-Hans Hiiekivi Authors:J.M.Suttie S.G Reynolds Intro • Temperate Asia has vast areas of grazing lands • Both transhumant and agropastoral systems are common Cold semi-arid Asia • Over most of area thee is little interaction between herding and croping • A major herding skill is getting stock fat summer and autumn to survive the winter • In 20th the livestock industry was collectivized for a period • Most of the countries of th region report serious degradation of their grazing lands. By the least affected is Mongolia Mongolia Case Study • Topographic features , weather andfeed availability influence the itineraries chosen for immigration • All movements are west-east to make better use of pasture recources and climatic differences • Distance travelled annually is between 90 and 180 km • No herders stay at higher altitudes in winter
Republic, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic) ( " T h e r i s e o f , " ) . Moscow regained its status as the capital soon after the revolution. It was now the centre of the country's power. The Soviet government was based on the one-party rule of the Bolsheviks who eventually turned into the Communist Party ( " T h e r i s e o f , " ) . In 1924 Lenin died and the next Communist leader who took over his job was Stalin. Stalin started to make changes right away. He collectivized agricultural lands and created large, state-run farms. Everything was under a strict control and very- well disciplined (McClenaghan, 2003). Stalin suffered bad losses in the World War II, but managed to conquer Berlin in 1945. The Soviet Union had gained more territory and was now ranked as one of the two great powers in the world, along with the United States. But life in the country was still suffering. Production was once again concentrated on heavy industry
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