. Early Cow Milking Machines • The earliest devices for mechanical milking were tubes inserted in the teats to force open the sphincter muscle, thus allowing the milk to flow. • Skillfully made tubes of pure silver, gutta percha, ivory, and bone were marketed in the mid-19th century, and, in fact, a few were still being sold well into the 20th century. • A novel milking tube illustrated in the Scientific American in 1875, used a slide valve at the bottom of each catheter to close off the opening. • Several U.S. patents were granted for milking tubes joined by flexible rubber tubing to direct the milk to pail. • The extensive tubing increased the problem of contamination already present with the use of catheters. • . • Catheter milking was blamed for various problems, such as spread of disease, weakened sphincter muscles causing continuous dribbling, and injury to the teats. • At this point, The American
spontaanhingamisele. Kombineeritud spontaanhingamine ja MV. Patsienti korrigeerib aparaat. Kasutatakse võõrutusravis, et patsient ei hakkaks ennast üle ventileerima. 3)CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) – abistav, toetav hingamine, spontaanne – mehaanilist hingamistsüklit ei ole. Aparaat tagab positiivse rõhu mõlemas hingamisfaasis, püsiv positiivne rõhk hingamisteedes 7.Tsentraalse veenikanüüli paigaldamine (central venous catheter, CVC) paigaldab arst patsiendi ülemisse õõnesveeni punktsiooni kohad Kaelapiirkonna veenid : vena subclavia; vena jugularis interna; vena jugularis externa Lisaks kasutatakse veel: vena basilica (käel); vena femoralis (kubemes) vajadus pikaajaline, üle 3 ööpäeva kestev vedelikravi või parenteraalne toitmine; kontsentreeritud lahuseid saab kasutada; perifeersete veenide raske kättesaadavus; suured vedelike ülekanded (traumajärgne, šokk, südameseiskus); monitooringu
annaabi.ee 
