· Developmental toxicity The critical exposure level for potential developmental toxicity has been determined to be 150 mg/person/day or 15 mg/m3. · Reproduction toxicity No effects in any of the organs of the reproductive system of either males or females (for mice). No information is available on the reproductive effects of aniline in humans. · Teratogenicity Toxic starting from 21 mg aniline/kg bw/day. c) Carcinogenicity Aniline is currently classified as carcinogenic, category 3 and labelled with R40 "limitedevidence of a carcinogenic effect". Animal studies have shown an increase in tumors of the spleen in rats exposed to aniline hydrochloride. EPA calculated an oral cancer slope factor of 5.7 x 10-3 (mg/kg/d) -1 and an oral unit risk estimate of 1.6 × 10- 7 (µg/L)-1. d) Genotoxicity and mutagenicity
An increased incidence of micronucleated buccal or nasal mucosal cells was observed in occupationally exposed subjects Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes of exposed persons were seen in some studies but not in others. Interpretation of these results is difficult because of the small number of subjects, co- exposure to wood dust, and lack of details in the reports. At best a weak positive response is indicated, at the site of initial contact. Carcinogenicity Studies in animals Formaldehyde has been tested in chronic animal studies and a number of other experimental models to assess its carcinogenic potential in different species. Inhalation of concentrations of 10 ppm (12 mg/m 3 ) or above leads to clear increases in nasal tumor incidence in rats. Marked non- neoplastic pathological lesions of the nasal cavity were present at tumorigenic concentrations. In contrast, no
In the edible parts of fish smoked in a are mainly compounds of m.w. smaller than modern automatic kiln with external smoke 216. In different smoked meat products, their generation, the contents of BaP are about total mass may be from about 30 to 250 times 0.1 ng/g. larger, while that of the heavy PAH about 10 Some smoked foods may also be contami- times larger than that of BaP. If the specific nated with nitropolycyclic aromatic hydro- carcinogenicity of various heavy PAH con- carbons. In smoked sausages, 1-nitropyrene, tained in smoked foods is taken into consid- 2-nitronaphtalene, and 2-nitrofluorene were eration, the total carcinogenicity of all PAH found in concentrations of about 4.2, 8.4, is about 10 times higher than would result and 19.6 ng/g, respectively, while in roasted from the content of BaP alone (Scientific coffee beans the concentrations were 2.4, 4.0, Committee on Food 2002)
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